ECONOMIC SYSTEM OF ISLAM IN ERA OF GLOBALIZATION

Derived - Islamic economics had not popular at all. Islam can be said to economic popularity is still long. Therefore, the question often arises, whether Islam is a new economy at all? If you look at the history and meaning embodied in Islamic economics, it is not a new system. The arguments for this are:

1. Islam as a divine religion is the most advanced religion is guaranteed by God's perfection, as confirmed Allah in surah Al-Maidah (5): 3. On the other hand, Allah SWT has ensured completeness of the content of the Qur'an as a guide to mankind who believe in their role as a vicegerent of God on earth. This is confirmed in his word Allah Surah Al-An'am (6): 38, ما فرطنا في الكتاب من شيء ثم الى ربهم يحشرون 

2. History records that the Muslims had reached the golden age, which can not be denied anyone. In that time, so many contributions that Muslim scholars remain highly recognized by all parties in the various fields of science to date, such as mathematics, astronomy, chemistry, physics, medicine, philosophy and so forth. History also proves, that it is difficult to accept common sense a progress people with so many contributions in various fields of science and the field of life without the support of early progress in the field of economics.

3. History also notes that many prominent Muslim economist and victorious life in each era, such as Tusi, Al-Farabi, Abu Yusuf, Ibn Taymiyyah, Al-Maqrizi, Shah Wali Allah, Ibn Khaldun and others. Even the latter (Ibn Khaldun) recognized by David Jean Boulakia as follows: "Ibn Khaldun discovered a great number of fundamental economic Notions a few centuries before their official births. He discovered the virtues and the necessity of a division of labor before (Adam) Smith and the principle of labor before Ricardo. He elaborated a theory of population before Malthus and INSISTED on the role of the state in the economy before Keynes. The economist who rediscovered Mechanisms that he had already found are too many to be named. "'. . . although Ibn Khaldun is the forerunner of many economist, he is an accident of history and has no consequence on the evolution of economic thought. "
According to Khurshid Ahmad, known as the father of Islamic Economics, there are four stages in the development of the discourse of Islamic economic thought, namely:



1. First Stages, started when some scholars, who have no formal training in economics, but have an understanding of the issues of socio-economics of the time, trying to solve the problem of interest. They argue that bank interest is forbidden and the Muslims had to abandon any connection with conventional banking. They invited the economists and bankers to assist each other to form financial institutions based on Islamic principles and not on interest. Prominent in this approach is the belief that interest rates are so firm and filing illegitimate alternatives.

This period begins approximately apada mid 1930s and had peak progress at the end of the 1950s and early 1960s. At that time Pakistan was established on the local Islamic banks operating ayang not in flower. Meanwhile in Egypt well established financial institution that operates not in the interest in the early decades of the 1960s. Financial institution is named Mit Ghomir Local Saving located in the Nile Delta, Egypt.
This stage is still premature and trial and error so that the impact is still very limited. Nonetheless this stage has opened the door wide for further developments.

2. The second stage began in the 1960s decade. At this stage the Muslim economists who are generally educated and trained at leading universities in the United States and Europe began to try to develop certain aspects of the Islamic monetary system. They conduct an economic analysis of the prohibition of riba (interest) and propose alternatives that are not interest-based banking. A series of international conferences and seminars on Islamic economics and finance held several times to invite experts, scholars, economists both Muslims and non-Muslims. The first international conference on Islamic economics held in Makkah al-Mukarromah in 1976, followed later by an international conference on Islam and the New International Economic Order in London in 1977. After it held two seminars on Monetary and Fiscal Economics of Islam in Makkah in 1978 and in Islamabad in 1981. Then followed again by a conference on Islamic Banking and Strategy economic cooperation held in Baden-Baden, Germany in 1982 which followed the Second International Conference on Islamic Economics in Islamabad in 1983.

Dozens of books and monographs have been published since the conference and held a successful seminar provides an overview of the lighter on Islamic Economics both in theory and practice. According to Khurshid Ahmad, the most significant contribution apart from the results of the conference and the seminar is a report issued by the Council of Islamic Ideology of Pakistan on the elimination of riba from the economy. This report not only describes the laws that have been confirmed bank interest haram by ijma 'of the scholars of today, but also provides guidance on how to eliminate riba from the economy.
At this second stage there are names renowned economist Muslims throughout the Islamic world among other things Prof. Dr.. Khurshid Ahmad, who has been named as the father of Islamic economics, Dr. M. Umer Chapra, Dr.. M. A. Mannan, Dr. Omar Zubair, Dr. Ahmad An-Najjar, Dr.. M. Nejatullah Siddiqi, Dr. Fahim Khan, Dr. Munawar Iqbal, Dr. Muhammad Ariff, Dr. Anas Zarqa and others. Muslim economists that they are educated in the West but to understand all that Islam as an integral way of life and have a comprehensive system of its own economy and if implemented properly will be able to bring Muslims to a commanding position in the eyes of the world.

3. The third stage is marked by concrete efforts to develop banking and financial institutions, non-usury in both the private sector and the government sector. This stage is a concrete synergies between intellectual and material effort of economists, experts, bankers, entrepreneurs and wealthy Muslims who are committed to the development of Islamic economics. At this stage already established Islamic banks and investment institutions based non-usury with a clear concept and understanding of the more established economies. Islamic Bank was first established Islamic Development Bank (IDB) in 1975 in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Bank Islam is kerjasa cooperation between Islamic countries belonging to the Organization of the Islamic Conference (OIC). Not long afterwards followed by Dubai Islamic Bank. After that a lot of Islamic banks have sprung up in the majority of Muslim countries, including Indonesia.

4. The fourth stage is characterized by the development of a more integrative approach and sophisticated to build a whole theory and practice of Islamic economics, especially financial and banking institutions into community economic indicators.

Three Basic Principles Concerning economic system according to Islamic Sharia
1. Tawhid, this principle reflects that the ruler and the sole owner of this universe is Allah SWT.
2. Khilafah, presented the man is the vicegerent or deputy of God on this earth endowed with a set of mental and spiritual potential and completeness of the material resources that can be used to live in order to spread the mission of his life.
3. 'It is, is an integral part of the Islamic objectives (maqasid al-Sharia). Consequence of the Khilafah and 'is demanding that all the resources that a mandate from God to be used to reflect the purpose sharia; fulfillment of needs (needs
fullfillment), appreciated source of income (recpectable source of earnings), income distribution and welfare equal (equitable distribution of income and wealth) as well as the stability and growth (growth and stability).
Four Characteristics / Nature of Islamic System

1. Unity (unity)
2. Balance (equilibrium)
3. Freedom (free will)
4. Responsibility (responsibility)

Islamic economics in Indonesia known since the founding of Bank Muamalat Indonesia in 1991. Furthermore sharia-based economy in Indonesia is beginning to show an encouraging development. Basically, as the country's Muslim majority, has become an obligation for Indonesian Muslims to implement Islamic economics as evidence of obedience and submission to Allah and the Apostle. The application of Sharia law is not just limited to banks only, but has spread to the insurance business, multilevel marketing businesses, cooperatives and even to the capital markets.
Economic system of Islam is universal meaning that can be used by anyone not confined to Muslims alone, in any field, and is not limited by time or age making it suitable to be applied in any condition as long as it adhered to the framework or reference to Islamic norms. Al-Quran and Al-Hadith is a complete legal framework to regulate all aspects of life of the Ummah, especially in economics, among others:
Islam is designed as a mercy to all mankind, to make life more prosperous and worth, not poor and not suffer (Surat al-Anbiya ': 107).

• A treasure is God's message, to obtain and use must be in accordance with the teachings of Islam (QQ Al-Anfal: 28).
• Prohibition of unlawful conduct business (QSAl-Baqarah: 273-281).
• Prohibition of harming another person (QSAsy-Syuara: 183).
• Testimony in mu'amalah (QSAl-Baqarah: 282-283), etc.

It has been proved by the economic and monetary crisis that hit Indonesia and Asia some time ago that the system that we have adopted and be proud of so far, especially in the banking sector would not be able to cope with and overcome the existing conditions, even impressed current system with no the divine values ​​which underlie the banking operations and other financial institutions as the cause of growth and development "robbers tie" that has destroyed the economic foundations of Indonesia itself. In contrast to the world of Islamic banking and financial institutions are in operation hinged on the Islamic Sharia, the economic and monetary crisis that occurred a positive moment in which to demonstrate and provide evidence of a real and clear to the world of banking especially that which is based on Sharia Islamic Bank remains can live and thrive in unfavorable economic conditions.

With the above evidence, it is time for the country's rulers, Islamic scholars and Muslim intellectuals Indonesia to open your eyes and change the way that there is that Sharia Banking System is a suitable alternative to the banking world is grown in Indonesia today. But the unfortunate developments in Indonesian Sharia Banking impressed slower and less manageable seriously, as evidenced by the data obtained from the BI Surabaya by March 2000 the number of existing Conventional BPR in East Java reached 427 while the Syariah BPR reached 6 (1.4 %), where 5 of them relatively healthy and less healthy 1.

Underdevelopment of Islamic Economic System, especially in Indonesia Sharia Banking lies in Muslims themselves. There are many Muslims in Indonesia who do not understand Islam or the economy will not run as it should, many of them are so afraid to be poor, whereas in Surah Al-Baqarah: 268 says: "Satan promises (to frighten) you with poverty and tells you to do evil (miser), while Allah promises you forgiveness from Him and bounty. And Allah is All-Area (His gifts), Knowing ".

If Indonesia's economy has been based on Islamic norms will certainly not be found or poverty and economic decline in the standard of living beings such as is the case today.

Complete History of the Life of Muhammad SAW

Derived - Life History of Prophet Muhammad SAW Full-Prophet Muhammad is the last prophet who was sent to this earth. After the Prophet Muhammad SAW no prophet thereafter. Prophet Muhammad is the role model or example for Muslims. Without merit and its possible until now we'll never converted to Islam. Here's a bit of story that should and we must know:

1. Future Birth of the Prophet Muhammad and Habits Society of Ignorance

At the time of the birth of the Prophet Muhammad are extraordinary events that no solider Elephants led King Abraha (Governor kingdom Ethiopia in Yemen) to destroy the Ka'ba as the country Makkah increasingly crowded and the people of Quraysh increasingly respectable and every year is always crowded mankind to pilgrimage. This makes Abraha envy and Abraha tried to bend humanity to no longer to Makkah. Abraha set up a large church in Sana called Al-Qulles. But nobody wants to come to church Al Qulles it. Abraha was furious and eventually deployed troops bergajah to attack the shrine. Near Makkah troops bergajah confiscate people's possessions, including 100 birds Camel Abdul Muttalib

With the unexpected arrival of envoys Abdul Munthalib that overlooks Abraha Abraha. Which ultimately Abdul Munthalib ask his camel to be returned and are willing fled with residents and Abdul Munthalib pray to God that saved Ka'ba.

Circumstances city of Makkah deserted Abraha's army with freely incoming Makkah and ready for destroy the Ka'ba. Allah sent birds to carry gravel Ababil Sijjil with its beak. Gravel was dropped right on the head of each troop bergajah is to penetrate into the body to death. This event is enshrined in the Holy Qur'an Sura Fill verses 1-5. (QS 105 :1-5). Troops bergajah was destroyed Melting got the adzab from the Allah SWT.

At that time the baby was born, named Muhammad of the womb and the mother Aminah Abdullah ayahkan areas. Muhammad was born was orphaned because when the prophet Muhammad was still in the womb of his father had died. Prophet Muhammad was born on Monday, 12 Rabiul Awal in Elephant and coincides April 22, 571 AD

2. Community habit of Ignorance

At the time of the birth of Prophet Muhammad SAW communities in Mecca in the habit of ignorance that is custom to worship statues or idols. Jahiliyah mean times of ignorance. That is worshiped instead of Allah but statues or idols and that is a very bad habit of getting drunk, gambling, immoral and degrading women. They live move-moved and was split in the tribe-tribe of which called nomadic tribe. Paced life free no rules in society. So life was so chaotic.

Well, in the chaos of Makkah when the Prophet Muhammad was born as a Mercy to all the worlds.

3. Childhood Prophet Muhammad by The Apostolic

Habits among the leaders at the time when having a baby, then the newborn was entrusted to the mother country. With the aim to be able to breathe fresh air and clean as well as to maintain the condition of the mother's body to stay healthy.

According to history, after Muhammad was born suckled by his mother just a few days, Tsuaibah breastfeeding by 3 days after the Halima Abdul Munthalib disusukan Sa'diyah Haris wife of Banu Saad tribe.

Since small privilege that Muhammad had his big fast, aged 5 months of age are able to walk and 9 th are fluent speaking and age 2 years was tending his goats and emit light.

Muhammad was raised Halimah for 6 th. At the age of 4 years old Muhammad was approached by the angel Gabriel and menelentangkannya then splitting the chest and took out the heart and the blood clot from the chest prophet Muhammad and Jibril wash then set back into place and Muhammad still in shape.

With the events of the chest cleavage, Halimah Muhammad worry and return to his mother. At the age of 6 th the prophet be invited His mother for pilgrimage to the tomb of his father in Yathrib with perlalanan 500 km. On the way back to Makkah Aminah hospital and eventually died in Abwa located between Makkah and Madinah.

Prophet Muhammad then accompanied Umm Ayman to Mecca and delivered to the place of his grandfather, Abdul Munthalib. Since the Prophet became an orphan piyatu not have a father and mother. Abdul Munthalib very fond of his grandson this (Muhammad) and at the age of 8 th 2 bl 10 days Abdul Munthalib d.. Later The Prophet taken care of by his uncle who named Abu Talib.

Abu Talib was nurturing maintain a prophet until the age of more than 40 years. At the age of 12 years are invited prophet Abu Talib traded to Sham. On the way to meet with the priest Bahira. For safety prophet Bahira asked abu Talib returned to Makkah.

The Prophet was 15 years old when the war broke out between the clans of Quraysh Fijar along with Qais Kinanah Ailan. The Prophet participated join in this war with collecting the children arrows created uncle-uncle he to thrown get back to the enemy.

In adolescence Prophet Muhammad used to herding goats and at the age of 25 years running the merchandise belonging to Khadijah to Sham. Prophet Muhammad believed to trade and accompanied by Maisyarah. In trade prophet SAW honest and trustworthy as well as abundant profits.

Events about how to trade the prophet SAW told Maisyarah to Khadijah. Then Khadija interested and sent Nufaisah Bint Mun-ya to see the Prophet to want to marry Khadija. After the Prophet's uncle and deliberate on the approval of Khadija eventually married to the Prophet Muhammad SAW with 20 fish Onta dowry Young.

Khadijah age was 40 years and the time of Prophet Muhammad SAW 25 th. In marriage the Prophet was awarded 6 sons and daughters, namely Qasim, Abdullah, Zainab, Ruqayah, Umm Kulsum, and Fatima. All boys prophet died when I was young and his daughter who is still alive until the prophet's death was Fatimah.

Apostolic era of Prophet Muhammad SAW

At the age of 35 years five years before Prophethood there is an event that is Makkah hit by devastating floods to overflow into the Baitul Haram which can undermine the Ka'ba. With the events of the Quraish agreed to fix the Ka'ba and who became a Roman architect named Baqum.

When construction has reached the Black Stone at odds with each other about who they are putting in place Hajar Aswad original and this dispute to 5 days without a decision and even almost happened peretumpahan blood. Finally Abu Umayyad offer a way out who was first through the door mosque that is the person who led the laying of the Black Stone. All in agreement with this way. Allah willed it turns out that first entered the mosque door was the Prophet Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah and the right.

Quraish gathered to put the Black Stone. Messenger asks a scarf and leaders tribes that hold the ends of the scarf and lifted together. Upon approaching the place the Prophet took the Black Stone and put it into place eventually legalah all. Them in whispers and dubbed "Al-Amin" which means it can be trusted.

Prophet Muhammad has advantages compared with ordinary human, he as a superior, intelligent, well-maintained from the things worse, his words gentle, moral principal, its noble, honest awake soul, praised his kindness, most good deeds, appropriate appointment, most trustworthy earning the nickname Al-Amin and he also carries its own weight, giving to the poor, entertain guests and help those who want to uphold the truth.

At the time of Prophet Muhammad SAW was nearly 40 years his favorite exile armed with bread and went to the Cave of Hira in Jabal Nur. Prophet in the Cave of Hira to worship and think about the majesty of nature. At the age of 40 years even Prophet dianggkat be Apostles. He received his first revelation in the cave of Hira by the hand of the angel Gabriel that surah Al-Alaq verse 1-5.

When the Prophet was in the cave of Hira came the angel Gabriel and hugged the Prophet and said, 'Read'. The Prophet replied "I can not read" Then the angel holding and embracing the Prophet to shortness then release it and said again 'Read'. The Prophet replied "I can not read". Then the Angel held and hugged again until the third time through the Prophet felt claustrophobic then melepasknnya. Then be willing to follow the Prophet (Surat Al-Alaq verse 1-5). Sura 96: 1-5)

The Prophet repeated readings with a trembling heart and go home and see Khadija (his wife) to ask covered him. He covered until no longer shivering but worried about his situation.

Khadijah meet Waraqa bin Naufal and recount the events experienced by the Prophet. Waraqah responded "Most Holy, Most Holy, He is really the prophet of this people, say to him, that he be firm liver.

4. Prophet preaching

Prophet Muhammad in times of seclusion in the Cave of Hira with feelings of anxiety and worry suddenly terdengan voice from the sky, he looked looked angel Gabriel. He was shivering, scared and go home ask his wife to cover her. In the circumstances covered it comes Gabriel delivered the revelation that the two are surat Al Muddatsir (Surah 74 verse 1-7).

With the revelation of the Prophet Muhammad have a duty to broadcast the Islamic religion and invites mankind to worship Allah SWT.

• Broadcast Islamic clandestinely

After the Prophet Muhammad received his revelations both start preaching clandestinely to take his family and his companions one by one to convert to Islam.

The people who first embraced Islam are:

• Siti Khadijah (the Prophet's Wife)
• 
  
• Ali Bin Abi Talib (Uncle Prophet SAW)
• 
  
• Zaid Bin Haritha (adopted son Prophet SAW)
• 
  
• Abu Bakar Ash-Shidiq (Sahabat Near the the Prophet SAW)

The people who converted to Islam by the hand of Abu Bakr al-Siddeeq, namely:

1. Uthman Bin Affan
2. Zubair Bin Awwam
3. Saad Bin Abi Waqqas
4. Abdurahman bin Auf
5. Talha bin 'Ubaidullah
6. Abu Ubaidullah Bin Jarrah
7. Arqam bin Abil Arqam
8. Fatimah Bint Khathab

They were given the title "As-Saabiqunal Awwaluun" means the earlier and the first embraced Islam and got a lesson about Islam directly from the Prophet Muhammad in the house Arqam bin Abil Arqam.

• Broadcast Islam openly

Three years preaching Prophet secretly hidden from one house to another. Then down the letter of Al-Hijr: 94 (Surah 15 verse 94). It means "So Convey openly all that has been commanded, and turn away from the idolaters (Surat al-Hijr: 15). With the decline in this verse the Prophet Muhammad broadcast propaganda openly and leave the way clandestinely. Religion Islam became the attention and the talks who bustling among the community Makkah. Islam is expanding and his followers grew.

5. How did the people of Quraysh?

People are angry and ban broadcasters Quraysh Islam even lives threatened Apostles. Prophet and his companions getting stronger and tougher challenges and obstacles faced with courage and patience despite ridicule, insults, mockery and ridicule, vilify, against the Qur'an and provide alternate bid in worship.

Da'wah basis patently this although a lot of challenges lots of who incoming Religion Islam and for broadcasting Islam the Prophet SAW to Habasyah (Ethiopia), Thaif, and Yathrib (Madinah). So that Islam extends and a lot his followers.

In the apostolic period of the Prophet Muhammad to the 10 th at the "Amul Khuzni" means the grief of Abu Talib (uncle died) and Siti Khadijah (the Prophet's wife also died) as well as Muslims in misery. Amid this grief Prophet Muhammad by the Angel Gabriel was picked up for Isra 'Mi'raj is a journey of the Aqsa Mosque and the Holy Mosque of Haram to get Sidratul Muntaha to face the command of Allah to accept the five daily prayers.

6. Prophet Muhammad as Uswatun Hasanah

Hanz Hasanah means good example. Role Model and exemplary Muslims is Prophet Muhammad SAW. a man of God Almighty who was sent to deliver the true teachings of Islam. Therefore, we as Muslims should emulate and imitate his personality. As the Word of Allah in Surah Al Ahzab verse 21, which reads:

It means "It has actually been present in the Prophet Muhammad a good example for you for people who expect the grace of Allah and the Day of Resurrection, and Allah much. (Surat al-Ahzab: 21).

To can emulate the Rasulullah SAW must a lot learn from Al-Qur'an and Al Hadith. As just one example that is about honesty and trust or trustworthiness Prophet Muhammad SAW.

7. Nature of the Prophet Muhammad

Prophet Muhammad has good properties, namely:

• Siddiq

Siddiq means honest and very unlikely Messenger is a lie (kidzib) Rasulullah very honest both at work and his words. What is said is done and delivered and are true and not a lie. Because morality is arguably a reflection of the Divine command.

• Amanah

Amanah means trustworthy. Highly unlikely Messenger is treacherous or untrustworthy. Prophet did not do that violated the rules of Allah SWT. Obey the Messenger of Allah SWT. And in accordance with the instructions treatise brought Allah does not hold a betrayal of Allah and to his people.

• Tabligh

Tabligh means to convey. Prophet is highly unlikely to hide (kitman). Every revelation of Allah conveyed to his people do not there are who covered up or hidden although which conveyed it bitter and contrary with tradition of person infidel. Messenger of communicating the message perfectly in accordance with the commands of Allah.

• Fathonah

Fathonah means intelligent. The apostle is very unlikely baladah or stupid. The Apostles are all intelligent so as to convey the revelation has been received from Allah SWT. The apostle was a man chosen by God Almighty it is not possible Apostle was stupid. If stupid how could convey the revelation of God.

8. Haji Wada 'the Prophet Muhammad

In the year 10 H, Prophet Muhammad the last hajj yautu Farewell Pilgrimage. About 100 thousand pilgrims participating in the Hajj with him. At the time Standing at Arafat Prophet delivered his sermon in front of his people, namely prohibiting the carrying out bloodshed except in the right way, prohibits taking someone else's property in a way that is not true, forbid eating foods that usury and persecute, bondsmen must be treated well, and his people to hold fast to the Qur'an and the sunna of the Prophet SAW.

In Surat al Maidah verse 3 has revealed that:

Meaning: "This day have I perfected for you your religion, and indeed I have both ends meet My favor to you, and have I ridhai Islam as your religion." (Surah Al Maidah (5): 3).

This verse explains that the prophet Muhammad SAW propagation has been perfect. Prophet Muhammad's preaching for 23 years. One day he felt unwell, the agency he is getting more weakened, he appointed Abu Bakr as the priest substitute him in prayer. On 12th Rabiul Awwal year 11 Hijri beliu died at the age of 63 years.

B. Prophet Muhammad Rahmatan Lil 'Alamin

Prophet Muhammad is the prophet akhiruzzaman the last prophet in this world. Then the after the prophet Muhammad Saw there is no prophet anymore in the world this. Allah Almighty sent the Prophet Muhammad SAW as rahmatan lil 'Alamin is for all people and nations. Prophet Muhammad was sent to provide guidance to mankind to live a righteous life so as to obtain happiness in this world and in the hereafter.

The mission of Prophet Muhammad SAW

The mission carried the prophet Muhammad SAW is a reflection or a role model for all of humanity is as follows:

a. Broadcast Islam

Islam broadcast or preached Prophet perfectly against humanity that is over 23 years old.

b. Convey revelation Allah SWT

Revelation of God in the form of the Qur'an. The Qur'an is in preach to mankind and the nation as a way of life.

c. Delivering good news and a warning to humanity

d. Perfecting morals are morals KORANIC

Mission of the Islamic prophet Muhammad not only among certain people but the Prophet Muhammad was sent to all people and nations and teachings applies to all human beings of all time.

the process of making the Covers Ka'bah

Derived - At the temple we often see the Kiswa "cloth or black duvet cover Ka'bah". The purpose of the installation of the fabric is to protect the temple wall of dirt, dust, and heat that can make it become damaged. In addition it also serves as a decoration kiswah Ka'bah.

According to history, the Kaaba has been given kiswah since the time of Ishmael, son of Abraham AS. But there is no record that tells the time of the Prophet Ismail kiswah made of and what color. New on the leadership of Raja Asad Abu Bakr Himyar of Yemen, which protects the Kaaba mentioned kiswah made of woven fabric.
King of Himyar to put policies in accordance kiswah Arab tradition that evolved from the days of Ishmael followed by his successors. At the time of Qusay ibn Kilab, one of the prominent ancestor Prophet Muhammad, the Ka'aba kiswah installation is the responsibility of the Arab tribe of Quraysh.

Prophet Muhammad himself had also ordered kiswah manufacture of cloth from Yemen. While the four caliphs successor to the Prophet Muhammad are included in the Khulafa al-Rashidun ordered kiswah manufacture of cotton yarn.

Meanwhile, the Caliphate era Abbasiyah, 4th Caliph al-Mahdi ordered that kiswah Khuz made of silk fabric. During his reign, kiswah imported from Egypt and Yemen.

According to historical records, kiswah not always solid black as it is today. The first kiswah made of woven fabric of Yemen actually red-lanes and lanes. While on the Caliphate of Mamun ar-Rashid, kiswah made with a white background. Kiswah also been made green by order of the Caliph An-Nasir of the Abbasids (around the 16th century AD) and kiswah also been made yellow by the command of Muhammad ibn Sabaktakin.

Replacement kiswah colorful from year to year, apparently to disturb the minds of Caliph al-Mamun of the Abbasid dynasty, until finally it was decided that it should remain kiswah color from time to time are black. Until now, though kiswah replaced every year, but the color is always black.

In the golden era of Islam, manufacture and procurement responsibilities kiswah always borne by each ruling caliph in the Hijaz, Saudi Arabia at any time. Although kiswah always the responsibility of the caliphs, a king in the land of Hijaz ever presented outside the government kiswah Hijaz.

First, kiswah made of black silk was imported from Egypt who had taken cost of cash Kingdom of Egypt. Kiswah delivery of Egyptian tradition started in the time of Sultan Sulaiman who ruled Egypt about the year 950-an H until the reign of Muhammad Ali Pasha in the late 1920s.
Every year, kiswah-beautiful kiswah made in Egypt was taken to Makkah over land use called mahmal beautiful litters. Kiswah along with other gifts in mahmal come along with a group of Egyptian pilgrims were headed by a amirul hajj.

Amirul hajj was officially designated by the government of the Kingdom of Egypt. Of Egypt, after the handover ceremony, escorted mahmal Egyptian army went to the Suez Canal with special ships to the port of Jeddah. Arriving in Hijaz, mahmal was paraded with a very festive ceremony heading to Mecca.

Kiswah shipments from Egypt never late and early months of Dhu al-Hijjah. It happened some time after the outbreak of World War I. Kiswah delivery delays occur due to unsafe atmosphere and conducive due to World War I.

Looking at the situation is not good at the time, King Ibn Saud (founder of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia) took the decision to immediately make himself kiswah given on the 10th of Dhu al-Hijjah, kiswah kiswah old should be replaced with new ones. The attempt is successful with the establishment of the company located in Kampung weaving Jiyad, Mecca.

After World War I ended, King Farouq of Egypt I send back to the land of Hijaz kiswah. But look at the conditions at that time, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia under King Abdul Aziz Bin Saud decided to make kiswah own factory in 1931 in Makkah. Until finally kiswah made in Saudi Arabia today.

Kiswah fabric has a unique and distinct advantage. Spun-yarn spun gold and silver come together to assemble scratches kalam Divine. kiswah be very valuable, not only because of the words of Allah in the holy spun kiswah, but also because of the beauty and exoticism of colored yarn spun gold and silver on its surface.

Gold and silver color combination on calligraphy that adorns kiswah has exceptional artistic value. Because making requires skill and exceptional talent because not everyone is able to make such beautiful art. Kiswah a symbol of strength, simplicity, grandeur too.


Making Process of Kiswah
Kiswah first made made by a craftsman named Adnan bin Ad with camel leather raw materials. But in its development, kiswah made from silk fabric. To make a kiswah requires 670 kg of silk, or about 600 square meters of silk fabric consisting of 47 pieces of cloth. Each piece is a length of 14 meters and a width of 95 cm.

Size was adjusted to cover the Kaaba cube field on all four sides. As for the ornament of gold spun required 120 kg of gold and a few tens of kg of silver.
Since 1931, to cover the Kaaba kiswah manufactured in a factory located on the outskirts of Mecca, Saudi Arabia. In the factory, the manufacture of modern kiswah done using modern weaving machines. In kiswah factory area is 10 hectares which it employed about 240 craftsmen kiswah.

In the factory, kiswah made in bulk. That's where everything is prepared from planning, prototype drawing calligraphy, washing silk yarn, knitting base fabric, yarn manufacture of many miles of pure gold and silver until the spinning calligraphy of gold and silver thread, and sewing the end.
Although kiswah appear black when viewed from the outside, but the inside kiswah it turns white. One sentence contained in spun gold kiswah are sentences creed, Allah Jalla Jalallah, La ilaha illallah, and the Prophet Muhammad. Surat Ali Imran: 96, Al-Baqarah: 144, surah Al-Fatihah, Surat al-Ikhlash beautiful in gold thread spun to decorate kiswah.

Calligraphy is used to decorate kiswah consists of verses related to Hajj and also asthma-asthma Kabah God is glorified. Calligraphic ornaments made of gold and silver sparkled beautifully when exposed to sunlight.
Because it uses raw materials from which objects are very valuable as silk, gold, and silver, the price is a very expensive kiswah around Rp 50 billion.

So every year the Bureau of Endowments Kingdom of Saudi Arabia should provide funding of about USD 50 billion for the creation kiswah. According to history, tradition replacing kiswah performed each year there since the time of the Caliph Al-Mahdi who is the ruler of the Abbasid dynasty to-IV.
The tradition began when the Caliph al-Mahdi pilgrimage Kaaba keeper then report back to him about kiswah who at that time already fragile and feared to fall. Heard alarming reports, Al-Mahdi ordered that every year kiswah replaced.
Since then, the Kaaba kiswah to always be replaced each year on pilgrimage season and became a tradition that should always be executed. Thus there is no longer a condition kiswah concern.

Because, every kiswah only have a lifetime of Kaaba for one year. In fact, the former kiswah used Kaaba was cut into pieces and then sold the pieces to decorate your home or office.

History of Ka'ba Mecca

Derived - Initially, Mecca was an empty expanse. Sand as far as the eye could see struggling in the heat oppressive. Flow zamzamlah who first changed the arid region into a small community where the start of the new civilization of the Islamic world. Square building called the Kaaba was asked to be the center of the city was once the center of worship of all Muslims. Visit is one of the pillars of Islam, Hajj. Ka'ba is still standing strong today and is expected to continue to stand up before the end of the world. Several generations of the founding of the Kaaba had been a witness to various crisis enveloped him. Was Ishmael, son of Abraham and Hagar, whose tiny feet first touched the spring of Zamzam. As a result of the discovery of the eternal spring, Siti Hajar and Ismail who was then abandoned by Abraham into Canaan in the middle of the desert, the sudden arrival of many a traveler. Some decided to stay, some move again. Ibrahim came and then get a revelation to set up the Kaaba in a small town. Kaaba itself means the place with the highest respect and prestige.

Ibrahim founded the Ka'ba is located exactly where the old Kaaba established Adam crushed by flash flood in the days of Noah. Prophet Adam was the first to establish the Kaaba. Noted, 1500 BC is the first year the Kaaba was re-established. Both the obedient son, Ishmael, Abraham built the Kaaba of rock hill Hira, Qubays, and other places. Building them higher from day to day, and then finished with a 30-31 feet long, 20 feet wide. Start building without a roof, just four square walls with two doors. Slit on one side of the building is filled by a large black stone known as the Black Stone. This stone is tucked in the hills Qubays when floods hit the time of Noah. This stone is special, because it is given by the Angel Gabriel. Until now, millions of Muslims the world kiss this stone when on pilgrimage, a lelaku exemplified by the Prophet Muhammad. Was completed, Allah commanded Abraham to summon people make a pilgrimage to the Kaaba which was asked as the House of God. From this, the beginning of the pilgrimage, a grand worship of Muslims around the world. Since there is a low-roofed and walled, about two meters, valuables in it frequently stolen. Nation in control of the Quraysh of Mecca thousands of years after the death of Ibrahim took the initiative to renovate it. To do this, first initial building must be demolished.

Al-Walid bin Al-Al-Makhzumy Mughirah was the first person to knock down the Kaaba to build a new building. At the time of the Prophet Muhammad, the renovation was also done after the floods hit. Disputes arose among the families of the Quraysh who deserve to enter the Black Stone in the Kaaba in place. Messenger played a major role in this regard. In a famous story, the Prophet asked the four tribes to lift the Black Stone in conjunction with using a piece of cloth. This idea has managed to avoid discord and bloodshed among the Arabs. Biggest renovation was carried out in 692. Before the renovation, the Kaaba is located in a narrow open space in the middle of a mosque that is now known as the Grand Mosque.

In the late 700s, wooden poles replaced with marble mosques and mosque wings expanded, coupled with several towers. Renovation is necessary, following the development of Islam and the increasing number of pilgrims from all over the Arab world and beyond. The face of modern Haram started as a renovation in 1570 on the leadership of Sultan Selim. Year architecture is then maintained by the kingdom of Saudi Arabia to the present. On the unification of Saudi Arabia in 1932, the country was asked to become Patron Holy Places and King Abdul Aziz was the first king who bears the title of Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques, the Grand Mosque and the Prophet's Mosque. On administration, expanded the Grand Mosque can accommodate up to 48,000 worshipers capacity, while the Prophet's Mosque expanded to accommodate 17,000 worshipers. In the reign of King Fahd in 1982, capacity expanded the Grand Mosque to load one million pilgrims. The third renovation was completed in 2005 with the addition of a tower. At the third renovation, marble column set 500, 18 additional gates are also made. In addition, many modern devices, such as air conditioning, escalators and a drainage system was also added. Currently, during the leadership of King Abdullah bin Abdul-Aziz, the fourth renovations underway by 2020. The plan, the Grand Mosque will be expanded up to 35 percent, with a capacity of 800,000 outside the mosque can accommodate up to 1.12 million pilgrims. If completed, will be part of the Grand Mosque can accommodate up to two million worshipers.

Flood Kaaba Frequent natural disasters that may occur in the Mecca region was flooded. Greatest course during the flood of Noah. At that time the entire Kaaba building collapsed. Flooding also occurred several times in the time of Prophet Muhammad. After his death, at the time of Caliph Umar ibn Khattab, floods damaging the walls of the Kaaba. One of which was documented flooding was severe flooding in 1941. In a widely publicized picture, visible part of the Grand Mosque flooded up to almost half the height of the Kaaba. In some places even reaches the neck of adults. Floods is then made several mosques pole made of wood becomes rotted and brittle. The Saudi monarch was forced to make improvements several times to resolve this matter. Flooding often occurs in Mecca because of the geographical location of the city is flanked by several hills. It makes Mecca is located in the lowlands of the bowl. Rain water can not be easily absorbed by the ground, given the Middle East that a barren land. As a result of the floods could last for some time. Plus, when the drainage system is not as good as now. In addition to flooding, many recorded incidents of bloodshed had colored the history of the Grand Mosque. Starting from the era before Prophet Muhammad was born in the modern era to the 20th century. Some of these incidents ended with the victory of the ruling Kaaba. Elephants attack Attack on the Kaaba of the most famous occurred in the year 571 AD, the year of birth of the Prophet Muhammad. At that time, as many as 60,000 troops of elephants led by the Governor of Yemen, Abraha, planning to invade and destroy the Kaaba of Mecca. Yemen is one of the countries major Christian country at that time. A beautiful big church was founded in the reign of King Yemen, Habshah. The church was named Qullais. 

Abraha as a church builder vows to turn Arabs worship of the Kaaba in Mecca to the church in Yemen. Once, hearing this, an Arab from the Banu qabilah Faqim bin Addiy offended then go inside the church and defecated in it. Abraha extraordinarily angry and vowed to tear down the Kaaba. He went along with the strongest army, riding 60,000 elephants. None of the tribal forces of Saudi Arabia that can match the power of tens of thousands of soldiers of the elephant. Under the command of Muhammad's grandfather, Abdul Muttalib, the Mecca residents fled to the hilltops around the Kaaba. Abraha's army entourage went to the Ka'bah, to destroy the noble buildings. According to the story, the pace of the elephant army halted due to an attack of thousands of birds Ababil. These birds take three grains of hot stones in both legs and beak. Release of the stones on the army of elephants. Stones are said to have originated from the hell of it penetrates the flesh of the soldiers and their elephants.

A commentary said the birds were brought smallpox which caused the army of Abraha died from ulcers that are very hot. This is why, the invading army of Abraha to Mecca is called as the Year of the Elephant. This story is also evident in a letter written in the holy book Al Fill the Koran. "He sent them flocking birds, which pelted them with stones of baked clay, then He made them like eaten leaves (caterpillars)." (Al Fill: 3-4). Clash with Iran In modern times, the most frequent incident is Saudi Arabia's security forces clashed with demonstrators from Iran. The presence of the protesters is an order from the government of Iran that the Iranian pilgrims protest against the Saudi kingdom. The worst riots happened on July 31, 1987 that killed 401 people. Among these are 275 Iranians, 85 citizens of Saudi Arabia, and 42 other pilgrims national origin. A total of 643 people were injured, mostly Iranian pilgrims. The rivalry between Saudi Arabia and Iran have lasted a relatively long time. Started when Muhammad bin Abdul Wahhab, famous Salaf Saudi Arabia, ordered the destruction of a tomb cult Muslims in Hejaz, including the tomb of Shiite cleric al-Baqi, in 1925. This action does not doubt angered the government and people of Iran are majority Shiite. Crisis began, calling for the overthrow of the Iranian government in Saudi Arabia and banned all Iranians go on the pilgrimage in 1927. 

Tensions worsened after in 1943, the government of Saudi Arabia beheaded an Iranian pilgrims have brought human feces on his clothes into the Grand Mosque in Mecca. Iran protests and bans its citizens from the hajj until 1948. Since then, demonstrations continued Iranian pilgrims in Mecca. This is thanks to an appeal in 1971 Ayatollah Khomeini ordered all Iranian pilgrims for Haj while conveying their political views against the government of Saudi Arabia. Iranian worshipers called this demonstration as "Keeping distance with the idolators." In 1982, the situation had been somewhat quiet. Khomeini ordered the people to maintain order and peace, not spreading propaganda pamphlets, and not to criticize the government of Saudi Arabia. In return, the kingdom of Saudi Arabia to free Iranian pilgrims for haj again. 

Previously, Saudi limiting the number of Iranian pilgrims to avoid conflict. Back strain occurred on Friday, July 31, 1987. Iranian pilgrims undertake a protest march against the enemies of Islam, namely Israel and the United States, in the city of Mecca. When he reached the front of the Grand Mosque, they were blocked by the security forces of Saudi Arabia, but they are still forced entry. Bloody clashes ensued which resulted in a chaotic situation with some people were trampled by the panicked masses. There are several versions triggers the death of hundreds of people on this incident. The Iranian government said Saudi security forces opened fire on peaceful demonstrators, while Saudi Arabia said that the death toll from squashed and trampled by the panicked worshipers. As a result of this, re-strained relations between the two countries and the government of Saudi Arabia re-impose restrictions on Iranian pilgrims. Other bleeding events occurred on 20 November 1979. At that time hundreds of armed men seized control of the Grand Mosque and tens of thousands of pilgrims in it. Hostage Juhaimin led by Saif Ibn Muhammad Ibn al-Otaibi who said brother-in-law, Muhammad bin Abd Allah al-Qahtani, was a savior Imam Mahdi or the end of time. 

Otaibi was reported as 400-500 militants, including women and children, issued a weapon that they hide behind clothes and chained the gates of the Grand Mosque. They ordered the congregation to submit to the false Mahdi, Al-Qahtani. Standoff lasted for two weeks, before the militants finally eradicated by the combined armed forces of Saudi Arabia with the several states. Saudi Arabian forces had repulsed the militants because of terrible weapons. All citizens of Mecca were evacuated to several areas. Royal troops ready for the onslaught of deadly. However, they must ask permission from the great scholars of Saudi Arabia, Sheikh Abdul Aziz bin Baz, who have banned any kind of violence in the Holy Mosque. Finally he issued a fatwa deadly attack to take over the Kaaba. Reported 255 congregations Otaibi militant pilgrimage and was killed in the attack, as many as 560 people were injured. Of the Saudi Arabian troops, as many as 127 were killed and 451 wounded. Various different story recounts moments of the attack by the combined armies of Saudi Arabia, Pakistan and France. One report said army Haram flooded with water and flowing with electricity, shocking the militants. Other reports said the soldiers used poison gas. French troops were called because of Saudi Arabia's army helpless. The French army is rumored to be Muslim first before entering the Haram. This step because they did Haram may only be entered by Muslims.