Showing posts with label History. Show all posts
Showing posts with label History. Show all posts
Saturday, December 29, 2018
It Takes 26 Hours for the New Year to Encompass all Time Zones
Did you know that it takes 26 hours for everyone on Earth to enter the New Year?
There is a total of 38 different local times in use around the world. The first places to enter the new year are Samoa and Christmas Island, Kiribati (GMT+14) while most of U.S. minor outlying islands are the last to enter the new year.
In 1879, Scottish-born Canadian Sir Sandford Fleming proposed a worldwide system of time zones. The universal day would begin at the anti-meridian of Greenwich, London (180th meridian, which is the circle of constant longitude passing through a given place on the earth's surface and the terrestrial poles).
In October 1884, the International Meridian Conference established the Greenwich Meridian as the prime meridian and Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) as the world’s time standard. A universal day of 24 hours beginning at Greenwich midnight was also adopted. The international 24-hour time-zone system was developed from this, and all zones are referenced to the GMT.
It took decades before all time on Earth was in the form of time zones that were referred to some "standard offset" from GMT, as opposed to the standard time zones that will differ by 4 minutes for every degree change in longitude. By 1929, most major countries had adopted hourly time zones, with Nepal being the last country to adopt a standard offset in 1956, shifting slightly to GMT+5:45
Sunday, December 15, 2013
The story of Ancient Civilizations Kuhikugu at Amazon
Derived - Kuhikugu Amazon - On 29 April 1925 Fawcett was still in contact with his wife through the telegraph , he said he would enter a closed area of civilization in the Amazon, it will cross the upper Xingu river in southeast tributary of the Amazon. And since it is no longer heard news of them . Matto Grosso is the name of the river Xingu region around the spot where they disappeared .
Many who thought they were killed by the local Indian tribe , tribe Kalapalos one of three Indian tribes who met with them last said that they looked like being sick . There is no corroboration of the killing by Indian tribes whose territory they enter . Because Indian tribes in the region of Matto Grosso friendly enough , except the Indians eastward.
In 1927 a plate belonging to Fawcett's name was found on one of the other Indian tribes , but it turns out the plate is given directly by the Fawcett expedition to the head of the tribe in the previous 5 years . Companion anehdidunia.com in June 1933 , Colonel Aniceto Botelho find a compass belonging to Fawcett in the Mato Grosso region around settlement Bacairy Indian tribe .
And the results of the investigation said that the journey into the wilds of the Amazon begins after the compass lags in settlement Bacairy . It could be that he had stopped in neighborhood , the intention to enter the forest and were hosted by Bacairy tribes and the compass brought forgotten .
Meeting with Other Browsers
In a book I read ( The Fate of Colonel Fawcett ) , there are two other explorers who never met Fawcett in the interior of the Amazon , Fawcett said to live for five years with the Indians . He collects a wide variety of stone with a younger and a little older again . Tom Roch first adventurer who discovered them in 1931 in the Matto Grosso region .
And in July 1933 , An Apostolic Administrator of Matto Grosso region called Monseigneur Couturon send notes via river journey when Kuluene that it mentions that they met three hallmark characteristics corresponding to the team Fawcett in 1932 , are reported Fawcett was written live and settle Aruvudu with Indians . Jack Fawcett junior had married Indian women and had a boy .
But in 2005, another story emerged , a writer from The New Yorker , David Grann visited the Indian tribes Kalapalos and get the story by word of mouth that , Fawcett and his team settled with them for a while and move on to the east .
Kalapalos tribe also warned them not to enter the civilization they are looking east directed it , because the area was guarded by Indian tribes who likes to attack .
Five days sepeninggalan Fawcett eastward bumbungan visible smoke rising from their camp . All this was witnessed by tribal Kalapalos . The full story on the search trail Fawcett wrote the book The Lost City of Z.
Kuhikugu Civilization and The Lost City of Z
Well , we started the search . Kuhiguku is a relic of the past site of an Indian civilization in the Amazon rain forest , located in the southeast of the upstream river Xingu , Brazil . What is unique with this site , almost all of which is in write by Portuguese explorers in Manuscript 512 similar to this site .
512 manuscript recounts a large gate to the city surrounded by big houses and no temple in it , the mysterious city without residents who had a magnificent plaza , fountain pools and wide streets . Companion anehdidunia.com amazed anyone would definitely be amazed if you see the shape of a magnificent city that has never been seen at all . Well how Kuhiguku site ? Site was first discovered by Michael Heckenberger Kuikuro with local tribes that are descendants of the tribe Kuhikugu .
The site is located in the upper Xingu river , has a twenty- eight towns and villages in an area of 7,700 square kilometers which is able to accommodate 50,000 inhabitants . Estimated civilization existed 1,500 years ago settled back around 400 years ago .
Many of the trenches that were built palisades around settlements , has a circular plaza measuring some 150 m in some cities . Towns and settlements Kuhikugu are connected by wide roads , rivers were set beside the highway with pedestrian bridges that can be crossed by canoe canoes below.
Population living on farming , they also build dams and fish ponds . And the tradition of raising fish is still continued by Kuikuro tribe who inherited the tradition of their predecessors tribe , civilization Kuhikugu .
The civilization began to be abandoned in the early inhabitants of the 16th century , when the European explorers came and settled in their settlements with a plague . Nearly two- thirds of the population died as a result of this outbreak , and the city was engulfed by thick Amazon jungle , until it was rediscovered by Portuguese explorers in 1743 and was named City of Z by Percy Harrison Fawcett .
Well if you can compare the picture of the mysterious city of Manuscript 512 with Civilization Kuhikugu same location ? Xingu headwaters region of Matto Grosso is , has much in common with the Portuguese explorers encountered the city in 1743 .
Google Earth Position : 11 232 S 53 185 W Kuhikugu site is currently a part of the National Park Xingu ( Xingu Indigenous Park ) covering an area of 26.420 square Kilometers in the Amazon rainforest , Brazil . Brazil's President at the time, signed the inauguration of Janio Quadros Xingu National Park on 14 April 1961 .
Many who thought they were killed by the local Indian tribe , tribe Kalapalos one of three Indian tribes who met with them last said that they looked like being sick . There is no corroboration of the killing by Indian tribes whose territory they enter . Because Indian tribes in the region of Matto Grosso friendly enough , except the Indians eastward.
In 1927 a plate belonging to Fawcett's name was found on one of the other Indian tribes , but it turns out the plate is given directly by the Fawcett expedition to the head of the tribe in the previous 5 years . Companion anehdidunia.com in June 1933 , Colonel Aniceto Botelho find a compass belonging to Fawcett in the Mato Grosso region around settlement Bacairy Indian tribe .
And the results of the investigation said that the journey into the wilds of the Amazon begins after the compass lags in settlement Bacairy . It could be that he had stopped in neighborhood , the intention to enter the forest and were hosted by Bacairy tribes and the compass brought forgotten .
Meeting with Other Browsers
In a book I read ( The Fate of Colonel Fawcett ) , there are two other explorers who never met Fawcett in the interior of the Amazon , Fawcett said to live for five years with the Indians . He collects a wide variety of stone with a younger and a little older again . Tom Roch first adventurer who discovered them in 1931 in the Matto Grosso region .
And one was Miguel Trucchi . To Miguel , Fawcett said he has a special reason to stay and live with the Indians inland , but their location in Matto Grosso not met in Rio das Mortes but .
And in July 1933 , An Apostolic Administrator of Matto Grosso region called Monseigneur Couturon send notes via river journey when Kuluene that it mentions that they met three hallmark characteristics corresponding to the team Fawcett in 1932 , are reported Fawcett was written live and settle Aruvudu with Indians . Jack Fawcett junior had married Indian women and had a boy .
But in 2005, another story emerged , a writer from The New Yorker , David Grann visited the Indian tribes Kalapalos and get the story by word of mouth that , Fawcett and his team settled with them for a while and move on to the east .
Kalapalos tribe also warned them not to enter the civilization they are looking east directed it , because the area was guarded by Indian tribes who likes to attack .
Five days sepeninggalan Fawcett eastward bumbungan visible smoke rising from their camp . All this was witnessed by tribal Kalapalos . The full story on the search trail Fawcett wrote the book The Lost City of Z.
Kuhikugu Civilization and The Lost City of Z
Well , we started the search . Kuhiguku is a relic of the past site of an Indian civilization in the Amazon rain forest , located in the southeast of the upstream river Xingu , Brazil . What is unique with this site , almost all of which is in write by Portuguese explorers in Manuscript 512 similar to this site .
512 manuscript recounts a large gate to the city surrounded by big houses and no temple in it , the mysterious city without residents who had a magnificent plaza , fountain pools and wide streets . Companion anehdidunia.com amazed anyone would definitely be amazed if you see the shape of a magnificent city that has never been seen at all . Well how Kuhiguku site ? Site was first discovered by Michael Heckenberger Kuikuro with local tribes that are descendants of the tribe Kuhikugu .
The site is located in the upper Xingu river , has a twenty- eight towns and villages in an area of 7,700 square kilometers which is able to accommodate 50,000 inhabitants . Estimated civilization existed 1,500 years ago settled back around 400 years ago .
Many of the trenches that were built palisades around settlements , has a circular plaza measuring some 150 m in some cities . Towns and settlements Kuhikugu are connected by wide roads , rivers were set beside the highway with pedestrian bridges that can be crossed by canoe canoes below.
Population living on farming , they also build dams and fish ponds . And the tradition of raising fish is still continued by Kuikuro tribe who inherited the tradition of their predecessors tribe , civilization Kuhikugu .
The civilization began to be abandoned in the early inhabitants of the 16th century , when the European explorers came and settled in their settlements with a plague . Nearly two- thirds of the population died as a result of this outbreak , and the city was engulfed by thick Amazon jungle , until it was rediscovered by Portuguese explorers in 1743 and was named City of Z by Percy Harrison Fawcett .
Well if you can compare the picture of the mysterious city of Manuscript 512 with Civilization Kuhikugu same location ? Xingu headwaters region of Matto Grosso is , has much in common with the Portuguese explorers encountered the city in 1743 .
Google Earth Position : 11 232 S 53 185 W Kuhikugu site is currently a part of the National Park Xingu ( Xingu Indigenous Park ) covering an area of 26.420 square Kilometers in the Amazon rainforest , Brazil . Brazil's President at the time, signed the inauguration of Janio Quadros Xingu National Park on 14 April 1961 .
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History
Thursday, December 12, 2013
History of Samsung Company
Samsung company
Samsung is one of the world's largest providers of technology . Started as a trading company exporting various products from South Korea to Beijing , China . Founded by Lee Byung - chul in 1938 , Samsung has gradually evolved into a multinational corporation that it is today.
The word Samsung means " three stars " in Korean . It is a name associated with the various types of businesses in South Korea and in various parts of the world . Internationally , people associate the name with the electronics , information technology and development .
history of Samsung
Samsung 's history began in 1938 where Lee Byung - Chull ( 1910-1987 ) came from a family of land owners in the area Uiryeong come to Daegu city and founded Samsung Sanghoe , a small trading company with forty employees located in Su - dong ( now Ingyo - dong ) . Lee built the company that is progressing and he moved its head office to Seoul in 1947 . When the Korean War broke out , Lee was forced to leave Seoul and started sugar refinery in Busan as a name of Cheil Jedang . After the war , in 1954 , Lee founded Cheil Mojik and build factories in Chimsan - dong , Daegu as a woolen mill .
Lee sought to establish Samsung as an industry leader in many fields , such as insurance , securities , and retail . In the late 1960s , Samsung Group began to develop into industrial electronics and electronic form divisions , such as Samsung Electronics Devices Co. , Samsung Electro - Mechanics Co. , Samsung Corning Co. , and Samsung Semiconductor & Telecommunications Co. , and made the facility in Suwon . The first product is a black and white television set . In 1980 , the Company purchased Hanguk Jeonja Samsung Tongsin in Gumi , and started to build telecommunication devices . Its early products were Switchboards . This facility has been developed into the telephone and fax manufacturing systems and became the center of Samsung's mobile phone manufacturing . They have produced more than 800 million mobile phone . The company grouped them together under Samsung Electronics Co. , Ltd. in the 1980s .
In the late 1980s and early 1990s , Samsung Electronics invested heavily in research and development , investments are important in driving the company to the forefront of the global electronics industry . In 1982 , Samsung built a television assembly plant in Portugal , in 1984 , samsung build a factory in New York , in 1985 , samsung build a factory in Tokyo , in 1987 , samsung build facilities in the UK , and other facilities in Austin in 1996 . In total , Samsung has invested $ 5.6 billion in Austin - by far the largest foreign investment in Texas and one of the largest single foreign investment in the United States . Samsung new investment in Austin a total of more than $ 9 billion .
Samsung started to rise as an international corporation in the 1990s . Samsung's construction branch was awarded a contract to build one of the two Petronas Towers in Malaysia , Taipei 101 in Taiwan and the Burj Khalifa in the United Arab Emirates . In 1993 . , Lee Kun - hee sold ten of Samsung Group's subsidiaries , downsized the company , and others joined operations to concentrate on three industries are electronics , engineering , and chemicals . In 1996 , Samsung Group to buy back Sungkyunkwan University foundation .
Compared to other Korean big companies , Samsung survived the 1997 Asian financial crisis relatively big impact . However , Samsung Motor was sold to Renault have suffered significant losses . In 2010 , the stock Renault Samsung is 80.1 percent owned by Renault and 19.9 percent owned by Samsung . In addition , Samsung produces a wide range of aircraft from the 1980s -1990s . The company was founded in 1999 as Korea Aerospace Industries ( KAI ) , the result of merger between then three domestic major aerospace divisions of Samsung Aerospace , Daewoo Heavy Industries , and Hyundai Space and Aircraft Company .
Samsung became the largest producer of memory chips in the world in 1992 , and the world 's second-largest chipmaker after Intel . Ten years later , Samsung grew into the largest manufacturer in the world to make liquid-crystal display panels . In 2006 , S - LCD was established as a joint venture between Samsung and Sony in order to provide a stable supply of LCD panels for them and operate the factories and build facilities in Tangjung , South Korea .
Samsung Electronics surpass Sony as one of the most popular brands in the world of consumer electronics in 2004 and 2005 , and now ranks 19th in the world as a whole . Samsung became the second largest company after Nokia mobile phone manufacturer by volume , especially the leading market share in North America and Western Europe .
Samsung's success as a provider of technology continues to evolve through the eighties such as Samsung Electronics has joined with Samsung Semiconductor and Telecommunications . This paved the way towards a strong hold on the international market with high-tech products that will become a staple in every home . This development continues as the next decade as Samsung continues to exceed the limits and restructuring business plan to accommodate the global scene . Adopt a new form of management proved to be a wise move for the company as their product goes on the list of top must -haves in their various fields . TV - LCD , picture tube , Samsung printers and other high-tech products acquisitions became known for their high quality . When Samsung ventured into the LCD industry in 1993 , became the best in the world .
Excellent method of quality control company that made her successful in providing only the best products to the whole world . It applies a " Stop Line " system where each person can stop the production process in the event that the product is found to be substandard.
For now , Samsung continues to maintain its status as the best operator in the world " it " technology . Its highly qualified workforce is still striving for excellence in their respective fields to make the whole enterprise a great success in the making . The secret of success continued in the constant improvement of the company 's management structure and implementation of his philosophy : " We will devote our human resources and technology to create products and services , thereby contributing to a better global society . "
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History
Wednesday, December 11, 2013
History of the creation of Youtube until recruited by Google
Steve Chen , Chad Hurley , and Jawed Karim founded YouTube right on Valentine's Day in 2005 . Chen and Karim is a graduate of the Department of Computer Science, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign , while Hurley of Indiana University of Pennsylvania . Friendship was more viscous three friends after they work for PayPal , the online payment service site , which was later acquired by eBay in 2002 for U.S. $ 1.5 billion . PayPal logo is the work of Chad Hurley , and all three took part launching the site .Post - acquisition bonus money into capital the three men agreed that when they set up their own businesses . A situation then encourage them to set up a streaming video -based site earlier . There are two versions of the story that the reason for the establishment of YouTube . First , the difficulty of getting one of those videos Janet Jackson incident and Justin Timberlake in the " Super Bowl " on February 1, 2004 .
Second , Jawed Karim distrust about dinner at the apartment of Steve Chen . To prove that the event really took place , Chen and Chad Hurley tried to send a video of the event to Jawed . However, they have difficulty in uploading files earlier , especially in technical contexts . They should change the video file to a specific format and must be a member to raise .
They reverse all of that when setting up YouTube . The user does not need to be a member to post videos . They also did not set a specific technical requirements for the file that will be raised the uploader . Just broadcast yourself ! When established , the number of sites with the kind of ease that only a handful . Because of this , then YouTube is packed with a menu that is easy to learn format , the upload is not complicated , and the speed of the video watched later .
In May 2005 , YouTube introduced a beta version of the site and was officially introduced to the public in November 2005 . In a time not too long for the size of a start-up site , YouTube is growing rapidly . As of July 2006 , YouTube receives 65,000 new videos and watched 100 million times every day .
Stumbled on Yahoo!
At the time of its inception , the three founders of YouTube administer the site of an office which is located on top of a pizza restaurant and Japanese food in San Mateo , California . Aroma Cuisine of the two restaurants that are part of everyday life at the beginning of the managers of YouTube .
When the bonus money from PayPal no longer be relied upon , into the back of the credit card . But this only makes financial condition Chen , Hudley , and Jawid increasingly deflated . As more people visit the site , too, increased operational costs , for example, to rent a server .
Before Youtube increased traffic , they perform a variety of ways for people see or visit this site . Including giving money U.S. $ 100 for the 10 girls who upload videos they star . The ad spread the founders of YouTube through Craigslist site , but no one responded .
Wired Magazine also contacted the three men , but did not react . Later , YouTube became one of the topics in the article to thousands of publications around the world . At the beginning of the popularity of this site , every day there are 3,000 media reported about YouTube and the resulting phenomena .
Actually they can earn money when opening the space for advertisers . But the three men agreed that advertising is only going to lead to people's reluctance to return to the site . Moreover , advertisers want their advertisement can continue running without shut down , even if only in a matter of seconds .
Therefore, the three founders of YouTube was then glanced at the other party to bear the burden . Then a finance company called Sequoia Capital towed . The company injected a total of U.S. $ 11.5 million during the period November 2005 to April 2006.
Forward Together Google
A year after its inception , the Internet giant bought YouTube , Google , on 13 November 2006 at a price of U.S. $ 1.65 billion . Microsoft , Yahoo , and News Corp. actually also interested in this site . However, the YouTube founders prefer Google , mainly because the proposed terms indepensi got the green light from investors . Steve Chen , Chad Hurley , and Jawid Karem requested that YouTube and 60 employees separated from day-to- day operations of Google.
Google invested was among the most substantial in the context of the purchase of a new Internet company . Total investment was based on an assessment of the ownership of the founders of YouTube and related parties . Details purchasing it opened on February 7, 2007 . We appreciate Sequoia Capital stock of U.S. $ 442 million , Chad Hurley U.S. $ 345 million , Steve Chen U.S. $ 326 million , Artis Capital Management of U.S. $ 83 million , and Jawed Karim U.S. $ 64 million .
Google's investment was also considered to be too large because YouTube has not shown signs of making a profit . In fact, the company recently purchased it becomes a financial burden for the additional Google but did not decide to make its financial condition red . New in 2010 YouTube shows a blue report card .
Google bringing in profits in the popularity of Four years after its founding , as reported by research firm ComScore , YouTube became the site of the largest online video provider in the United States and controls 43 % market share . As of May 2010 , according to ComScore , as many as 14 billion people watched the video . Data released showed YouTube , every minute , 35 hours of video uploaded to the duration of the site and three -quarters are from outside the United States . Alexa puts YouTube in third place behind Google and Facebook as the most visited website .
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History
Monday, December 9, 2013
The history of the creation of linux
Derived - Let's explore the Linux Operating System before we learn first history . Her early development comes from the name of the UNIX system by Ken Thompson and Dennis Ritchie are coming from AT & T Bell Labs in 1968 . This is the second appearance of the person.
The main purpose of the UNIX operating system is a multiuser operating system and multitasking and re-written using C language to allow on to develop a wide range of hardware without the need to write specific code .
Then Bell to license the operating system to several institutions , and one of them at the University of California Berkeley , which eventually resulted in some coded clone of UNIX BSD ( Berkeley Software Distribution ) . Professor Andrew Tanenbaum and develop the Unix operating system that can run on any personal computer that is MINIX ( Mini UNIX ) in 1987 . However, this system does not have all the functions desired UNIX student at the time, especially for a student named Linus Torvalds . The system is easily obtained , but there are restrictions in terms of modifications . Copyrighted code . In addition it is difficult to adjust from 16 - bit to 32 - bit , at which time it became popular Intel 386 and it drops continue .
Then in 1991 Linus Torvalds began the project to replace the MINIX in order to be run on a PC with a 80386 processor . The development will be on MINIX using the GNU C compiler . Here is the forerunner of the LINUX operating system . During the beginning of the process the file named Linus Torvalds " Freax " of the combined Freak and x for half a year . Torvalds was already considering names LINUX but did not because he was too selfish .
Initially Torvalds Linux kernel publish under their own license . But after that , he moved the license be the GNU ( General Public License ) . Currently mid- December of 1992, he published version 0.99 under the GNU GPL license . Linux and GNU developers worked to integrate GNU components to the Linux operating system to create a fully-functional and free .
Regarding the linux penguin logo Torvalds began when a walk in the park Perth , Linus was set by Penguin and fever for days . He thought the character fits with the Linux penguin . His body is a little plump , relax , but if the peg can make a fever for days . He described it later penguin mascot body fat, rather smiling and having a rest . After going through the selection for some time , finally decided penguin image is made by Larry Ewing is the most perfect description according to Linus desire . This mascot named Tux , the Linux logo ordained as in 1996 . About naming Tux , is a continuation of Torvald + Unix = Tux .
The main purpose of the UNIX operating system is a multiuser operating system and multitasking and re-written using C language to allow on to develop a wide range of hardware without the need to write specific code .
Then Bell to license the operating system to several institutions , and one of them at the University of California Berkeley , which eventually resulted in some coded clone of UNIX BSD ( Berkeley Software Distribution ) . Professor Andrew Tanenbaum and develop the Unix operating system that can run on any personal computer that is MINIX ( Mini UNIX ) in 1987 . However, this system does not have all the functions desired UNIX student at the time, especially for a student named Linus Torvalds . The system is easily obtained , but there are restrictions in terms of modifications . Copyrighted code . In addition it is difficult to adjust from 16 - bit to 32 - bit , at which time it became popular Intel 386 and it drops continue .
Then in 1991 Linus Torvalds began the project to replace the MINIX in order to be run on a PC with a 80386 processor . The development will be on MINIX using the GNU C compiler . Here is the forerunner of the LINUX operating system . During the beginning of the process the file named Linus Torvalds " Freax " of the combined Freak and x for half a year . Torvalds was already considering names LINUX but did not because he was too selfish .
Initially Torvalds Linux kernel publish under their own license . But after that , he moved the license be the GNU ( General Public License ) . Currently mid- December of 1992, he published version 0.99 under the GNU GPL license . Linux and GNU developers worked to integrate GNU components to the Linux operating system to create a fully-functional and free .
Regarding the linux penguin logo Torvalds began when a walk in the park Perth , Linus was set by Penguin and fever for days . He thought the character fits with the Linux penguin . His body is a little plump , relax , but if the peg can make a fever for days . He described it later penguin mascot body fat, rather smiling and having a rest . After going through the selection for some time , finally decided penguin image is made by Larry Ewing is the most perfect description according to Linus desire . This mascot named Tux , the Linux logo ordained as in 1996 . About naming Tux , is a continuation of Torvald + Unix = Tux .
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History
HISTORY OF HUMAN CREATION JAVA
Derived - (Once at the time) no man, even Mount Mahameru not exist in Java. As for the existence of Mount Mandalagiri, the great and high mountain, which was used as the example, it (still) is in the earth Jambudipa (India). Therefore, rocked Java island, always moving, shaking, because there is no mountain Mandara, even humans. Therefore, Lord Jagatpramana stand, he created the island of Java with Bhatari Parameswari, so there exists Mount Dihyang (Dieng), where Lord created. Such is the story.
Lord of creation so long held, he ordered Brahma Vishnu made man. Well, without argument Brahma Vishnu made man. Ground and clenched-made man whose head was clearly very beautiful to look like such a deity. Human males created by Brahma, Vishnu created by human females.
Humans made Brahma Vishnu was reunited, they get along with each other, to love each other. Then they give birth, bercucu, many times the number, breed, multiply the number of human being.
But (they live) without homes, men, women naked in the forest, shade / protect our children and grandchildren, because there was no work he made, yet there are (can be) copied, no pants, no clothes, no scarf, no long cloth (basahan), without belt (girdle), without crest, without a headband. Say but did not know what he said, do not know what that means, leaves and fruits eaten. Thus the origin of man in ancient times.
Lord of creation so long held, he ordered Brahma Vishnu made man. Well, without argument Brahma Vishnu made man. Ground and clenched-made man whose head was clearly very beautiful to look like such a deity. Human males created by Brahma, Vishnu created by human females.
Humans made Brahma Vishnu was reunited, they get along with each other, to love each other. Then they give birth, bercucu, many times the number, breed, multiply the number of human being.
But (they live) without homes, men, women naked in the forest, shade / protect our children and grandchildren, because there was no work he made, yet there are (can be) copied, no pants, no clothes, no scarf, no long cloth (basahan), without belt (girdle), without crest, without a headband. Say but did not know what he said, do not know what that means, leaves and fruits eaten. Thus the origin of man in ancient times.
Sunday, December 8, 2013
A Brief History of The Guitar
Derived - Many people who can play the guitar , but few know its history .Here we will catch a glimpse of the history of the guitar from time to time . Actually the guitar very long history , but given the limited space , this discourse will review an outline only. First of all : From Babylon to Six Strings guitar credible history begins in the Near East region . Among the debris found in Babylon , the most relevant is that the guitar was made in 1900-1800 BC . From that time until 1650 , guitars have evolved such a complex and diverse . So many types and each one has a different name . Some have a different opinion , consider the guitar actually comes from the Spanish state as a musical instrument similar to the guitar at the Spanish musical instrument called the vihuela in circulation at the beginning of the 16th century . This new instrument ( guitar ) has a way of making the same instrument ukulele . First guitar which made the actual size is very small and only has four strings , like the ukulele . In the classical period many publications are made by the makers of songs and musicians . Such as Fernando Sor , Mauro Guiliani , Matteo Carcassi , Fernando Caulli , and many of the creators who develop the method of playing the guitar that ended up being a game that is common and acceptable . The instruments are important contributions to the development of the guitar is an instrument cittern . This instrument also resembles a pear -shaped with a flat rear , with four or five pairs of strings of wire and with fretting whether it's permanent as the Appalachian dulcimer diatonic or chromatic as a modern guitar . Tuning heads have been installed much like the guitar or mandolin . Stemannya together with mandolin ( in fifths ) with the same fingering and chord and played with a plectrum or pick . Four Course Guitar has four pairs of strings , guitar -shaped body and a flat soundboard , bridge of the lute and the back half is made curved but not too form a sphere . Measuring instruments such as guitar children . Five Course Guitar emerged around 1490 and is similar to the four- course guitar with a pair of extra bass strings . This instrument is also called English Guitar . There is also Vihuela De Mano comes from Spain and is an instrument with six pairs of strings . The body is quite large as today's classical guitar and voice have some holes in it . This instrument uses a fixed bridge and the possibility of a direct ancestor of the guitar 12 string USA who entered North America through Mexico , Texas and Louisiana . There are many other types of guitars that continue to evolve . The guitar as we know it today , ie six physical exercises , emerging around 1750 . And for about the next 90 years ( up to 1840 ) , six -string guitar is growing rapidly in Spain .
Wednesday, July 3, 2013
HISTORY OF HUMAN CIVILIZATION IN JAVA
Civilization is a term used to describe the parts or elements of culture that are considered delicate, beautiful, and advanced. For example, the development of art, science and technology, human intelligence, and so on where each nation in the world has a distinctive cultural character. For more details, see the opinion Koentjaraningrat (1990:182) in Nursyid (1996:67) as follows: "In addition to the term 'culture' unisex term" civilization ". The last thing is the same as the English civilization, which is usually used to name the parts and elements of culture were refined, advanced, and beautiful, such as: art, science, social customs manners, intelligence writing, the organization of state and so on. The term "civilization" is often used to mention a culture whose systems technology, science, architecture, fine art, and the state system, the da city advanced and complex. "
Java island is administratively divided into 3 sections. Each of these parts is called the province of West Java, Central Java, and East Java. West Java is geographically the land can not be separated from the island of Java as a whole. Based on the study of prehistoric relic, the origins of the first inhabitants in the West Java with fossils found in the layers of limestone and in the layers of the sea in the days Pliocen (120,000 years - 600,000 years ago). Although the presence of early humans in West Java is still an estimate, but it is reinforced by the discovery of evidence of historical objects such as tools are also estimated from the same era. The objects come from parigi near Pangandaran, Tasikmalaya and in the beard area. West Java region at the same time has been inhabited by humans Pithecanthropus Erectus da offspring. However, the possibility is certainly not closed, that this area has been inhabited by humans other types.
Paleolithic Period (Old Stone Age)
Culture using stone axes handheld called paleolithic culture. In addition to his tools are simple, human life is very simple. They do not have a permanent residence. They get food depends on the natural results. As such they are the gatherers of human nature (food gathering) or human gatherers.
People living in this time may have been wearing their clothes but clothes that kind of material is very simple and mainly made from wood or animal skin.
Mesolitik age (Tengahan Stone Age)
Mesolitik times according to estimates developed since approximately ten thousand to four thousand years ago. Kind of man who lived at the time consisted of a kind of human misolitik Austro-melanesoid.
Mesolitik era have been found stones small utensils like knives piercer, scraper and others. They lived in caves and maybe they did it live on the beach or lakeside. They have started a sedentary life even in the transitional stage.
Neolithic (New Stone Age)
This age reckoning began in Indonesia in the 1500 years before masei.
Semi-sedentary life, hunting and fishing after a long time passed people began to be abandoned. But this incident force gradually and gradually, not all at once. After the men began to sedentary life, and they begin to grow a garden. At this time people have to know hoe, pickaxe or perimbas, blincung, and chisel. The objects of the neolithic era species there are 3 kinds, namely: Axe oval, square ax, and ax shoulder. Human life has settled in the Neolithic era, settlement and therefore to have been a society in an orderly arrangements.
Metal era
New stone age eating Wakyu thousands of years, then move the new kezaman who knew the use of metal objects. Transition that occurs due to increased human knowledge and understanding.
Metal era in our country starting with the Bronze Age. In the Bronze Age man has had a knack of western Java beans pouring the metal into objects and tools desired. Objects produced in the form of a funnel and candrasa ax. Bronze pouring technique that there are 2 kinds bevalve and acire perdue casting.
Development of human culture and art in the past West Java Prehistoric depicted in some of the following:
A rock climbing wall there is a painting of scratches toes resemble animals.
Jewelry and art objects rub utensil people have started doing well, despite the power of art is still shrouded by a state secret, occult and magical.
Cast bronze art, bronze metal which is converted into an object desired jewelry.
Decorative art, decorative art has developed since the actual scratch man acquainted with the West Java objects pottery.
Prehistoric societies have known the days of dance - dance.
Art up.
Humans in West Java in Prehistoric times have been sedentary and cultivate the land. Farming life bring people closer to their faith. Because they expect to get good results. Expectations was addressed to supernatural spirits.
The times of metal in Indonesia, especially in West Java has brought the history of human West Java towards more advanced life gate. relics that are sacred which includes building the temple, the art of making sculpture or statue both ciwa, Vishnu and Buddha and others. Relics are scattered in several places throughout West Java, although not evenly spread. Such relics indicate that various streams of a belief system, in this case Hindu religious beliefs that have developed in West Java.
In the 16th century in the growing West Java towns of Cirebon Islamic rule, and cirebon jayakarta. These towns act as the ports that make up the fabric of the most important shipping transportation, economy, and politics with Demak as the largest Islamic power center of Java. At the time of the influence of Islam, the king regarded as a figure who controlled the lives and can relate with supernatural community. In terms of political and economic position of the king occupies the highest place in social status. Classification of the city in the time of growth and development of the Islamic kingdom in West Java were divided into: group kings and their families, b. Elite c. Non-elite groups and d. Slave class. Religion of Islam spread through the education and teaching, which is tailored to the circumstances and customs prevailing in West Java (adjusted with Hindu culture that had previously been influential) religion of Islam and readily accepted by the people of West Java. Islamic religious instruction in force in the land of Java, particularly in West Java can be divided into two kinds of teaching is being violated-violated and dipesantren-boarding.
About art, in West Java has its own properties and gives a distinctive pattern in the field of architecture, sculpture, and other art branches. The results of structural art form masji masji-fashioned, palaces and tombs of sultan. In addition to the art of building, in the fields of art such kasustraan Chronicle, rhymes, folk tales, horoscope and others. Regarding the education system, it can be said that in the early colonial government initially only concerned with matters relating to benefits and do not pay attention to the progress of the nation Indonesia. In general pendidika center just around the break and boarding.
New at the beginning of the 19th century, the Dutch government began to think about education and teaching in Indonesia. Religious movement began a wide variation in the shape and direction of conflict with social institutions which have long been established.
Developments in the 20th century West Java especially Bandung lot of interesting people from outside the West Java because people can take advantage of all the means and facilities to achieve a good standard of living. Schools began to be established so that the people of West Java in particular became acquainted with Latin letters. Latin letters slowly began generally accepted, so as Sunda and urged the use of the Arabic alphabet script.
Japanese occupation period in force for about three and a half years was not great influence on the arts in general and West Java, Indonesia in particular. But the theater arts are evolving during the Japanese occupation. West Javanese art and culture flourished in the time of life or liberty is largely a continuation of previous cultural arts. Advances in technology also give an opportunity to the people of West Java to perform more intensive communication, both with the public entities and community baratsendiri Java which is beyond.
Java island is administratively divided into 3 sections. Each of these parts is called the province of West Java, Central Java, and East Java. West Java is geographically the land can not be separated from the island of Java as a whole. Based on the study of prehistoric relic, the origins of the first inhabitants in the West Java with fossils found in the layers of limestone and in the layers of the sea in the days Pliocen (120,000 years - 600,000 years ago). Although the presence of early humans in West Java is still an estimate, but it is reinforced by the discovery of evidence of historical objects such as tools are also estimated from the same era. The objects come from parigi near Pangandaran, Tasikmalaya and in the beard area. West Java region at the same time has been inhabited by humans Pithecanthropus Erectus da offspring. However, the possibility is certainly not closed, that this area has been inhabited by humans other types.
Paleolithic Period (Old Stone Age)
Culture using stone axes handheld called paleolithic culture. In addition to his tools are simple, human life is very simple. They do not have a permanent residence. They get food depends on the natural results. As such they are the gatherers of human nature (food gathering) or human gatherers.
People living in this time may have been wearing their clothes but clothes that kind of material is very simple and mainly made from wood or animal skin.
Mesolitik age (Tengahan Stone Age)
Mesolitik times according to estimates developed since approximately ten thousand to four thousand years ago. Kind of man who lived at the time consisted of a kind of human misolitik Austro-melanesoid.
Mesolitik era have been found stones small utensils like knives piercer, scraper and others. They lived in caves and maybe they did it live on the beach or lakeside. They have started a sedentary life even in the transitional stage.
Neolithic (New Stone Age)
This age reckoning began in Indonesia in the 1500 years before masei.
Semi-sedentary life, hunting and fishing after a long time passed people began to be abandoned. But this incident force gradually and gradually, not all at once. After the men began to sedentary life, and they begin to grow a garden. At this time people have to know hoe, pickaxe or perimbas, blincung, and chisel. The objects of the neolithic era species there are 3 kinds, namely: Axe oval, square ax, and ax shoulder. Human life has settled in the Neolithic era, settlement and therefore to have been a society in an orderly arrangements.
Metal era
New stone age eating Wakyu thousands of years, then move the new kezaman who knew the use of metal objects. Transition that occurs due to increased human knowledge and understanding.
Metal era in our country starting with the Bronze Age. In the Bronze Age man has had a knack of western Java beans pouring the metal into objects and tools desired. Objects produced in the form of a funnel and candrasa ax. Bronze pouring technique that there are 2 kinds bevalve and acire perdue casting.
Development of human culture and art in the past West Java Prehistoric depicted in some of the following:
A rock climbing wall there is a painting of scratches toes resemble animals.
Jewelry and art objects rub utensil people have started doing well, despite the power of art is still shrouded by a state secret, occult and magical.
Cast bronze art, bronze metal which is converted into an object desired jewelry.
Decorative art, decorative art has developed since the actual scratch man acquainted with the West Java objects pottery.
Prehistoric societies have known the days of dance - dance.
Art up.
Humans in West Java in Prehistoric times have been sedentary and cultivate the land. Farming life bring people closer to their faith. Because they expect to get good results. Expectations was addressed to supernatural spirits.
The times of metal in Indonesia, especially in West Java has brought the history of human West Java towards more advanced life gate. relics that are sacred which includes building the temple, the art of making sculpture or statue both ciwa, Vishnu and Buddha and others. Relics are scattered in several places throughout West Java, although not evenly spread. Such relics indicate that various streams of a belief system, in this case Hindu religious beliefs that have developed in West Java.
In the 16th century in the growing West Java towns of Cirebon Islamic rule, and cirebon jayakarta. These towns act as the ports that make up the fabric of the most important shipping transportation, economy, and politics with Demak as the largest Islamic power center of Java. At the time of the influence of Islam, the king regarded as a figure who controlled the lives and can relate with supernatural community. In terms of political and economic position of the king occupies the highest place in social status. Classification of the city in the time of growth and development of the Islamic kingdom in West Java were divided into: group kings and their families, b. Elite c. Non-elite groups and d. Slave class. Religion of Islam spread through the education and teaching, which is tailored to the circumstances and customs prevailing in West Java (adjusted with Hindu culture that had previously been influential) religion of Islam and readily accepted by the people of West Java. Islamic religious instruction in force in the land of Java, particularly in West Java can be divided into two kinds of teaching is being violated-violated and dipesantren-boarding.
About art, in West Java has its own properties and gives a distinctive pattern in the field of architecture, sculpture, and other art branches. The results of structural art form masji masji-fashioned, palaces and tombs of sultan. In addition to the art of building, in the fields of art such kasustraan Chronicle, rhymes, folk tales, horoscope and others. Regarding the education system, it can be said that in the early colonial government initially only concerned with matters relating to benefits and do not pay attention to the progress of the nation Indonesia. In general pendidika center just around the break and boarding.
New at the beginning of the 19th century, the Dutch government began to think about education and teaching in Indonesia. Religious movement began a wide variation in the shape and direction of conflict with social institutions which have long been established.
Developments in the 20th century West Java especially Bandung lot of interesting people from outside the West Java because people can take advantage of all the means and facilities to achieve a good standard of living. Schools began to be established so that the people of West Java in particular became acquainted with Latin letters. Latin letters slowly began generally accepted, so as Sunda and urged the use of the Arabic alphabet script.
Japanese occupation period in force for about three and a half years was not great influence on the arts in general and West Java, Indonesia in particular. But the theater arts are evolving during the Japanese occupation. West Javanese art and culture flourished in the time of life or liberty is largely a continuation of previous cultural arts. Advances in technology also give an opportunity to the people of West Java to perform more intensive communication, both with the public entities and community baratsendiri Java which is beyond.
Sunday, June 30, 2013
History of Twitter
Twitter is a website owned and operated by Twitter Inc.., Which offers a microblogging social network that allows users to send and read messages called chirp (tweets). Chirp is text posts of up to 140 characters displayed on the user profile page. The booms can be seen outside, but the sender can restrict message delivery to their friends list only. Users can see other writers chirp known as followers.
All users can send and receive chirp through the Twitter website, compatible external applications (cell phones), or with a short message (SMS) available in certain countries. The site is based in San Bruno, California near San Francisco, where the site was first created. Twitter also has servers and offices in San Antonio, Texas and Boston, Massachusetts.
Since its creation in 2006 by Jack Dorsey, Twitter has gained popularity worldwide and currently has more than 100 million users. It is sometimes described as the "SMS of the Internet".
History
Twitter began as a discussion held by board members of the podcasting company Odeo. During the meeting, Jack Dorsey introduced the idea of twitter where people can use the SMS service to communicate with a small group. The project began on 21 publicly on July 15, 2006. Twitter became its own company in April 2007.
Development
've Shipped over 400,000 chirp-performing (post) per quarter in 2007. Then develop into a 100 million-performing chirp shipped per quarter in 2008. At the end of 2009, 2 billion per quarter has been sent chirp-appear. In the first quarter of 2010, 4 billion chirp is sent-appear. In February 2010 Twitter users send 50 million per day. In June 2010, about 65 million were shipped chirp-perform every day, the equivalent of about 750 chirp is sent each second, according to Twitter.
Twitter users will be more active when there is a prominent event. For example, the record was created in the 2010 World Cup, when fans wrote in 2940 chirp per second at 30 second period after Japan scored against Cameroon on June 14, 2010. The record was broken again when 3085 chirp per second sent-appear after the victory of the Los Angeles Lakers in the 2010 NBA Finals on June 17, 2010. This also happens when singer Michael Jackson died on June 25, 2009, Twitter servers down due to users updating their status to include the words "Michael Jackson" at a rate of 100,000 per hour chirp.
All users can send and receive chirp through the Twitter website, compatible external applications (cell phones), or with a short message (SMS) available in certain countries. The site is based in San Bruno, California near San Francisco, where the site was first created. Twitter also has servers and offices in San Antonio, Texas and Boston, Massachusetts.
Since its creation in 2006 by Jack Dorsey, Twitter has gained popularity worldwide and currently has more than 100 million users. It is sometimes described as the "SMS of the Internet".
History
Twitter began as a discussion held by board members of the podcasting company Odeo. During the meeting, Jack Dorsey introduced the idea of twitter where people can use the SMS service to communicate with a small group. The project began on 21 publicly on July 15, 2006. Twitter became its own company in April 2007.
Twitter popularity began to increase in 2007 when there were festival South by Southwest (SXSW). During the event took place, Twitter usage increased from 20,000 per day to 60,000 chirp. Reaction at the festival was very positive. On 14 September 2010, Twitter change the logo and launched a new design.
Development
've Shipped over 400,000 chirp-performing (post) per quarter in 2007. Then develop into a 100 million-performing chirp shipped per quarter in 2008. At the end of 2009, 2 billion per quarter has been sent chirp-appear. In the first quarter of 2010, 4 billion chirp is sent-appear. In February 2010 Twitter users send 50 million per day. In June 2010, about 65 million were shipped chirp-perform every day, the equivalent of about 750 chirp is sent each second, according to Twitter.
Twitter users will be more active when there is a prominent event. For example, the record was created in the 2010 World Cup, when fans wrote in 2940 chirp per second at 30 second period after Japan scored against Cameroon on June 14, 2010. The record was broken again when 3085 chirp per second sent-appear after the victory of the Los Angeles Lakers in the 2010 NBA Finals on June 17, 2010. This also happens when singer Michael Jackson died on June 25, 2009, Twitter servers down due to users updating their status to include the words "Michael Jackson" at a rate of 100,000 per hour chirp.
History of the United Kingdom
Derived - As a sovereign state began on May 1, 1707. England and Scotland has had its own empire from the 9th century. Kingdom of England control of Wales in 1284 with statut Ruddlan. England and Scotland have been resent united under the Acts of Union in 1707. This unification of setting up the kingdom of Great Britain. Great Britain is also united with the kingdom of Ireland under the Union Act 1800 to form the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland (United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland). Courant southern island of Ireland was granted independence in 1922 and became the Republic of Ireland. Northern Ireland is still an area of ??United Kingdom, which swapped its name to the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
Britain played a major role in consciousness Ages to the 18th century, and contribute to the development of the fields of philosophy, science, literature and theater arts. In the 19th century, Britain also contribute to the development of democracy fahaman berparlimen, literary, art and science. British Empire became rich by industry and the exploitation of the colonies as well as trade and slavery. However, Britain has forbid servitude in the early 19th century. They are the first country to take action.
After the Industrial Revolution and the defeat of Napoleonic France, Britain became the main power of the 19th century. Territories and colonies British Empire cover approximately stu-thirds of the breadth of the world, and is home kediami more than one-third of the world population.


After the reign of Queen Victoria, Britain's first loss of power and influence in the American industry and Syarikat German Empire. However, Britain and its allies won the First World War and the victorious expand its colonies again. Britain, United Syarikat, the Soviet Union and the countries of the other Komanwel killed once again victorious Germany and Italy in the Second World War. Britain suffered extinction, excessive losses due to this war. Power and influence in the world is reduced first.
British influence is increasingly berkurangan evidenced in the Suez Crisis in 1956, when the Britain and France failed to stymie the President of Egypt, Gamal Abdel Nasser rather than nationalize the Suez Canal. Weak economy and industry into the state of Britain after winning the war. However, under the leadership of Margaret Thatcher, Britain triumphed economically recoverable. This perkembagan current passed after Tony Blair became Prime Minister. United Kingdom has been accompanying the European Union in 1973.
Celsea made history in Amsterdam
Since leaving Liverpool in 2010, Benitez has not found a new club can be a sojourn in a long time. Rafa, greeting familiar, had coached Inter Milan for six months. However, in the short time, Rafa managed to provide two trophies, Club World Cup and the Italian Super Cup, the Nerazzurri.
Rafa arrival to Stamford Bridge will not last too long. He was just appointed as interim coach Chelsea replace Roberto Di Matteo who was sacked in November last year. The presence of the Spanish coach also had brought disappointment for failing to bring Chelsea escaped from the Champions League group phase. In fact, the Blues still holds the status of the defending champion. However, not Rafa name if not able to get out of difficult situations.
Criticism in the rain, Rafa brought Chelsea a step towards a new history. If able to win the Europa League, the club owned by Russian tycoon, Roman Abramovich, it could enter the elite are able to win the three most prestigious tournaments in Europe, the Champions League, Europe League and Cup Winners' Cup. So far, only three teams were able to collect three prestigious trophy. They are Ajax Amsterdam, Bayern Munich and Juventus.
Chelsea could be entered as a fourth member. Therefore, the Blues have won the Cup Winners' Cup twice in 1971 and 1998 before the tournament was removed in 1999. One other requirement, the Champions League trophy, Chelsea also won last season.
Even so, Chelsea should not underestimate Benfica. However, the highest title holder Portuguese League is one of the strongest teams in Europe. Won the European competition is nothing new for Benfica. In its heyday in the 1960s, Benfica won the Champions League twice. Overall, the team nicknamed the Hawk aka Aguias it has seven times through the final highest European competitions.
Benfica also in peak performance. On the domestic league Jorge Jesus polish team topped the standings board with an unbeaten record since the start of the season. If able to win against his closest rival, FC Porto, this weekend, Benfica were handed the title to-33 in the Portuguese League arena.
Chelsea and Benfica have clashed with each other in the quarter-finals of the Champions League last season. At that time, Chelsea managed to win 1-0 in the first leg at the Estadio Da Luz. The Blues return to finish the fight Benfica at Stamford Bridge in the second leg with a 2-1 victory. n adi wicaksono ed: endro yuwanto
Figures Coming Games
1 - This is the first time for Chelsea and Benfica penetrate the top party League since the competition was held in 1971.
2 - If Chelsea win, this will be the second European League trophy Rafael Benitez. Previously, Benitez had led Valencia to be champions in 2004.
6 - Collection touchdowns while Benfica striker Oscar Cardozo. If you are able to add two goals in the final, he could match nicks Libor Kozak and Edinson Cavani as a scorer.
22 - Final match at the Amsterdam Arena will be the match to Benfica in the last-22 / / knock-out / / European League, the highest above the previous record, 20 appearances held by Atletico Madrid.
33 - Eduardo Salvio will extend the record for most appearances in the Europa League if revealed in the final tomorrow. Match against Chelsea will be the 33rd game in the League stage Salvio Europe. Previously, he has appeared 20 times while still defending Atletico Madrid.
Events by PKI Rebellion in Madiun
Derived - EVENTS Madiun (Madiun Affairs) is a violent conflict or chaos that occurred in East Java in September-December 1948. This event begins with the proclamation of the Soviet state the Republic of Indonesia on 18 September 1948 in Madison by Muso, a prominent Indonesian Communist Party, supported also by the then Defence Minister, Amir Sjarifoeddin.
At that moment until the era of the Old Order this event called Madiun Affair (Madiun Affairs), and was never referred to as the uprising Communist Party of Indonesia (PKI). New in the New Order era event called PKI rebellion began.
At the same kidnapping public figures who exist in Madiun, both civilian and military leaders in government or community leaders and religious.
There is still controversy regarding this event. A number of parties are allegations that the CPI is orchestrating these events are actually engineered the New Order government (and most perpetrators of the Old Order).
Offer of assistance from the Netherlands
At the beginning of the conflict Madiun, pretending Dutch government offered to help quell the uprising, but the offer was clearly rejected by the government of the Republic of Indonesia. Indonesian military leaders even take into account, the Netherlands will soon take advantage of the situation to carry out a full assault on the armed forces of the Republic of Indonesia. Indeed leftist groups including Amir Syarifuddin Harahap, is building the strength to face the Indonesian Government, which accused the U.S. has tended to side with.
Background
After the proclamation of Indonesian independence on August 17, 1945, appeared a variety of organizations that foster their cadres, including leftists and socialists. In addition to members of the Pesindo (Indonesian Socialist Youth), the Indonesian Socialist Party (PSI) also contained other leftist groups, among others Patuk Discussion Group, which was initiated by Dayno, who lives in Patuk, Yogyakarta. Who participated in the group discussion not only of civilians as DN Aidit, Sham Kamaruzzaman, etc.., But then also in the military and even some brigade commanders, including Colonel Joko Suyono, Lt. Col. Sudiarto (Brigade Commander III, Division III), Lieutenant Colonel Soeharto (Brigade Commander X, Division III. Then also be Wehrkreis Commander III, and became President), Lieutenant Colonel Dahlan, Suparjo Captain, Captain Abdul Latif and Captain Lucky Samsuri.
In the month of May 1948 with Suripno, Indonesian Vice in Prague, Musso, returned from Moscow, Russia. August 11th, Musso arrives in Yogyakarta and immediately reoccupied the leadership position in the Indonesian Communist Party. Many socialist politicians and army commanders joined Musso, among others, Mr. Amir Sjarifoeddin Harahap, dr. Setiajid, Patuk discussion groups, etc.
Kidnap and kill each action is taking place, and each party declared, that that other party started. Many military officers, police officers, religious leaders, boarding school in Madison and surrounding areas who were abducted and murdered.
Dated 10 September 1948, the Governor of East Java cars Ario Soerjo RM (RM Suryo) and car 2 police officers intercepted the mass followers in Ngawi PKI. The three had been killed and his body dumped in the woods. Likewise dr. Muwardi of leftists, was kidnapped and murdered. Leveled direct allegations, that that other parties do. Among the victims were also Kol. Marhadi whose name is now immortalized with a monument that stands in the middle of the plaza City of Madison and the name of the main street in the City of Madison.
Leftist groups accused the Government of Indonesia as a number of officials, including the Vice President / Prime Minister Mohammad Hatta was influenced by the United States to destroy the Indonesian Communist Party, in line with the doctrine of Harry S. Truman, U.S. president who launched the idea of ??the Domino Theory. Truman stated, that if there is one country fell to the communists under the influence, then neighboring countries would also fall to the communists, just like in a game of dominoes. Therefore, he was very persistent in the fight against communism throughout the world.
Then on July 21, 1948 had held a secret meeting at the hotel "Huisje Hansje" Sarangan, near Madison, which was attended by Sukarno, Hatta, Sukiman, Minister of the country, Mohamad Roem (Masjumi members) and the Chief of Police Sukanto, whereas in the present America Gerald Hopkins (President Truman's political advisor), Merle Cochran (substitute Graham who represented the United States in the UN Good Offices Commission). In Sarangan meeting, which was later known as "The talks Sarangan", it was reported that the Government of the Republic of Indonesia approved the Red Drive Proposal (proposal extermination red group). With the help of Arturo Campbell, Sukanto go to America in order to receive assistance for RI police. Campbell, who holds the official title of Consular Affairs at the U.S. Consulate General in Jakarta, is actually a member of the Central Intelligence Agency - CIA
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| the moments of rebellion |
Rumored, that figure Sumarsoso Pesindo, on 18 September 1948 on the radio in Madison has announced the formation of the National Front Government for the residency of Madiun. However Soemarsono then denied the allegations saying that he announced the formation of the National Front Regional (FND) and PKI rebellion had occurred. He that FND is formed as a counter to the threat from the Central Government
On 19 September 1948, President Sukarno in a speech broadcast by radio call to the Indonesian people, to choose: Musso-Amir Syarifuddin or Soekarno-Hatta. Then came the armed conflict, which at that time referred to as the Madiun Affairs (Madiun), and in the New Order era, especially in the textbooks of history then expressed as PKI Madiun rebellion.
End of conflict
Musso battered supporters troop strength from two directions: from the west by the Second Division troops under the command of Colonel Gatot Subroto, who was appointed Military Governor of Region II (Semarang-Surakarta) dated 15 September 1948, as well as troops from Siliwangi Division, while on the east attacked by troops from Division I, under the leadership of Colonel Sungkono, who was appointed Military Governor of East Java, on 19 September 1948, as well as Brigade Major Mobiele forces (MBB) of East Java, under the leadership of M. Yasin.
Panglima Sudirman convey to the government, that military forces can quell supporters Musso within 2 weeks. It is true, core strength Musso supporting forces can be destroyed in a short time.
Dated 30 September 1948, the city of Madiun be overwhelmed. Republican forces that come from the east and the troops coming from the west, met at the Hotel Merdeka in Madiun. However, the leadership group along with some troops left their supporters, escaped and fled in different directions, so it can not be immediately arrested.
New at the end of November 1948 the entire leadership and support troops were killed or be arrested Musso. Eleven leftist leaders, including Mr. Amir Syarifuddin Harahap, former Prime Minister of the Republic of Indonesia, was executed on December 20, 1948, by order of Col. Gatot Subroto.
Thursday, June 27, 2013
COMPLETE HISTORY OF PHYSICS
Physics (Greek: φυσικός (physikos), "natural", and φύσις (physis), "Nature") is the science or study of nature in the broadest sense.
Studying the physics of natural phenomena that are not life or matter within the scope of space and time. Physicists study the behavior and properties of materials in the field of boiling range from submikroskopis particles that make up all matter (particle physics) to the behavior of the material Universe as a whole cosmos.
Some of the properties studied in physics is the nature of the existingin all existing material systems, such as the law of conservation of energy. Nature Such is often referred to as the laws of physics. Physics is often referred to as the "fundamental science", because every other natural sciences (biology, chemistry, geology, etc.) to learn certain types of material systems that obey the laws of physics. For example, chemistry is the science of molecules and the formation of chemical substances. Chemical properties of a substance is determined by the nature of the molecules that make it up, which can be explained by the science of physics such as quantum mechanics, thermodynamics, and electromagnetics.
Studying the physics of natural phenomena that are not life or matter within the scope of space and time. Physicists study the behavior and properties of materials in the field of boiling range from submikroskopis particles that make up all matter (particle physics) to the behavior of the material Universe as a whole cosmos.
Some of the properties studied in physics is the nature of the existingin all existing material systems, such as the law of conservation of energy. Nature Such is often referred to as the laws of physics. Physics is often referred to as the "fundamental science", because every other natural sciences (biology, chemistry, geology, etc.) to learn certain types of material systems that obey the laws of physics. For example, chemistry is the science of molecules and the formation of chemical substances. Chemical properties of a substance is determined by the nature of the molecules that make it up, which can be explained by the science of physics such as quantum mechanics, thermodynamics, and electromagnetics.
History of physics began in about 2400 BC, when cultures
Harappan using an object to estimate and calculate the angle of stars in the sky. Since then physicists continue to grow to such a level now. This development does not only bring about a change in the field of world objects, mathematics and philosophy, but also, through technology, bringing change to the social world. Scientific revolution that took place occurred in about the year 1600 can be said to be a boundary between ancient thought and the birth of classical physics. And finally progressed to the year 1900 which marks the start of a new era is the era of the course of modern physics. In this era scientists do not see any improvement in science, question after question kept popping up endlessly, from the breadth of the galaxy, the nature of the environmental conditions to subatomic vacuum. List of physicists had to solve the problem which continues to grow over time.

In the early 17th century, Galileo pioneered the use of experiments to ascertain the truth of the theory of physics, which is the key to the scientific method.
Galileo formulated and successfully tested several results on the dynamics
mechanics, especially Inert Law. At 1687, Isaac Newton's Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy published, providing clear explanations and successful physical theories: Newton's laws of motion, which is the source of classical mechanics, and Newton's Law of Gravitation, which describes the fundamental force of gravity. Both of these theories fit within the experiment. Prinsipia also included several theories in fluid dynamics. Classical mechanics developed by the massive Joseph-Louis de Lagrange, William Rowan Hamilton, and others, are creating formulas, principles, and new results. Gravitas initiate legal field of astrophysics, which describes astronomical phenomena using physical theories.
Since the 18th century onwards, thermodynamics was developed by
Robert Boyle, Thomas Young, and many others. In 1733, Daniel Bernoulli
using statistical arguments in classical mechanics to lower thermodynamic results, initiating the field of statistical mechanics. In 1798, Benjamin Thompson demonstrated the conversion of heat into mechanical work, and in 1847 James Joule stated the law of conservation of energy, in the form of heat and energy in mechanics.
Physics research culture is different from other sciences because of the
separation of theory and experiment. Since the twentieth century, most individual physicists specializing in researching theoretical physics or experimental physics course, and in the twentieth century, few are successful in these areas. In contrast, almost all theorists in biology and chemistry is also a successful experimentalists.
Although the physics discussed diverse systems, there are several theories
used as a whole in physics, not in one area. Each theory is believed to be true, in a certain area of validity. For example, the theory of classical mechanics can explain the movement of objects by right, as long as these objects larger than atoms and moving at speeds much slower than the speed of light. These theories are still studied; example, admirable aspect of classical mechanics known as chaos theory found in the twentieth century, three centuries after formulated by Isaac Newton. However, few physicists who consider these basic theories diverge. Therefore, these theories are used as the basis for research into more specialized topics, and all the actors of physics, whatever his specialty, is expected to understand these theories.
separation of theory and experiment. Since the twentieth century, most individual physicists specializing in researching theoretical physics or experimental physics course, and in the twentieth century, few are successful in these areas. In contrast, almost all theorists in biology and chemistry is also a successful experimentalists.
Although the physics discussed diverse systems, there are several theories
used as a whole in physics, not in one area. Each theory is believed to be true, in a certain area of validity. For example, the theory of classical mechanics can explain the movement of objects by right, as long as these objects larger than atoms and moving at speeds much slower than the speed of light. These theories are still studied; example, admirable aspect of classical mechanics known as chaos theory found in the twentieth century, three centuries after formulated by Isaac Newton. However, few physicists who consider these basic theories diverge. Therefore, these theories are used as the basis for research into more specialized topics, and all the actors of physics, whatever his specialty, is expected to understand these theories.
Tuesday, May 21, 2013
Historical Facts About Facebook
Derived - YOU cyberspace surfers who often surfing from one site to the other site certainly will not forget to hang out or at least not just stop at one of the sites that the current skyrocketing again. What site is that? Yes, of course facebook site! Currently anyone who does not know him? May be people are literate and never surf definitely know this one site. Even those who used to just surf to just open the email now began to linger in front of the computer for mengulak-ngulik his Facebook account.
The data speak today there are about 175 million active profiles on Facebook and each profile site on average has 120 friends. Usage profiles duration of around 3 billion minutes / day and more than 18 million users update their profile every day [complete data]. Furthermore, according to research conducted by Student Monitor, Facebook included in the ranks of the object / thing that desired both by students / college students in the U.S. after the Ipod.
But did you know that Facebook was once just a site devoted exclusively to Harvard college kids alone? Then you know it turns out the site's creators have sued in court for alleged plagiarism of intellectual property rights and source code from another company? Additionally it true Facebook have a twin site?
So, for those who are interested in knowing the ins and outs of facebook Further more the following will be presented a bit of the story of its history.
Facebook falls into the category of social networking sites such as Friendster, MySpace, Multiply, Yuwie, etc. which provides a medium for users to exchange information and interact. Facebook was first launched on February 4, 2006 by a Harvard University student, Mark Zuckerberg. Facebook name itself inspired by Zuckerberg of a term in the U.S. across campus to get to know each other between the members of the academic community. Initially users just reserved for students on the campus of Harvard University. And then extended to a number of campuses in the Boston area (Boston College, Boston University, Northeastern University, Tufts University) and other campuses such as Rochester, Stanford, NYU, Northwestern, and Ivy League. Following a number of other campuses in the U.S.. Finally, its be expanded again to a number of other campuses around the world. September 11, 2006, Facebook made an important step to allow access to all netizens who have a valid email address, however, with age restrictions.

History and Development
The origin of Facebook started when Mark Zuckerberg (while the second semester students of Harvard University) created a dating site for college peers. Zuckerberg is inspired from the site Hot or Not naming Facemash.com homemade site. This site method that displays two photos of couples (men and women), whereupon the two couples will be chosen by the members of the site where a couple of the most "hot". Well, to display photos of couples on this site, Zuckerberg tried by all means look for his photographs of the way around the door-to-door to ask foto.1
I was so reckless, Zuckerberg broke into the campus computer network access to obtain additional photographs. But the action is known to the college and their subsequent block Facemash.com site followed by action by the threat of sanctions against Zuckerberg will be fired from campus (although the threat is not so realized). For his actions, Zuckerberg defended himself by saying "The actions of the college who block sites facemash.com true reason, but unfortunately they do not realize the potential that could be a popularity booster tool for the campus itself". He continued "Sooner or later, there will also be others who make similar sites".
2004
Do not give up, the next semester, precisely on February 4, 2004, Zuckerberg created a new website called "The Facebook" are addressable URL: http://www.thefacebook.com. For the new site, Zuckerberg commented sarcasm: "I think the efforts that the college would like to create a medium of information exchange between the academic community that takes many years is ridiculous. With my website, I can do it only in a week's time alone ".2
When first launched "The Facebook" are limited in the Harvard campus alone. And it's amazing! Within a month of its users already covers more than half of Harvard students at that time. Furthermore, a number of colleagues Zuckerberg joined the team reinforces thefacebook.com. They are Eduardo Saverin (business analyst), Dustin Moskovitz (programmer), Andrew McCollum (graphic designer), and Chris Hughes.
In March 2004, the thefacebook.com began to spread to several other campuses in the city of Boston, the U.S., and also to a number of renowned campuses such as Stanford, Columbia, Yale, and the Ivy League. Did not take long, the site has spread its use in almost all campuses in the U.S. and Canada. In June 2004, Zuckerberg, Moskovitz and McCollum move headquarters to Palo Alto, California. Here they also assisted also by Adam D'Angelo, and Sean Parker.
Mid-2004, thefacebook.com got its first investment from PayPal cofounder, Pieter Thiel.
2005
In May 2005, thefacebook.com received an injection of fresh funds joint venture with Accel Partners. Dated August 23, 2005, Thefacebook officially buy their domain names from Aboutface.com for USD 200,000, and since then a fragment of the phrase "the" is not used anymore so they name officially became facebook.com.
In 2005 also, facebook users have expanded to the high school students. Still in the same year, a number of universities in Mexico, United Kingdom, Australia and New Zealand also been able to enjoy the Facebook network.
2006
Early in 2006, Facebook was rumored to be acquired by a company at a price of USD 750 million, even offer jumped to USD 2 billion. But this news is not proven. In April 2006, Facebook received an injection of fresh funds U.S. $ 25 million investment from Peter Thiel, Greylock Partners, and Meritech Capital Partners. In May of the same year Facebook began reaching Asia through the Indian subcontinent. In mid-year, gilliran Israel and Germany. Finally on 11 September 2006, Facebook changed the status of the registration to be "free to join" for all owners of valid email addresses worldwide.
2007
In September 2007, Microsoft announced it had purchased a 1.6% stake in Facebook valued at USD 15 billion. In taking this stock also included an agreement that Microsoft has the right to place their ads on Facebook. Seeing this step a number of other giant players such as Google, Viacom, Friendster also expressed their interest to invest in Facebook. Previously in 2006, Yahoo! has been offering its acquisition offer for $ 1 billion. November 2007, a Hong Kong billionaire Li Ka-shing invested worth USD 60 million in Facebook.
2008
In August 2008, Business Week magazine reported a number of other parties have joined embed stake in Facebook that Facebook's value is estimated to range between USD 3.75 billion to USD 5 billion
Situation Site
Facebook users can now be free to join the networks organized by city, location of work, school and country. These networks will then connect its members. Fellow users can connect with friends and browse profiles to see each other personally.
The main Facebook site to get revenue from ads attached to it. The users are free to create a profile of each is in it can contain pictures and other personal info info. Moreover, it can also send messages, join a group or more. By default, Facebook set user profiles can only be accessed by users who have befriended fellow. However, this setting can be changed later if desired.
Microsoft is Facebook's exclusive partner in displaying banner ads. This is why Facebook just Menayang advertisements contained in the Microsoft network. According to comScore (website internet marketing researcher) is now Facebook collects as much user data collected by Google and Microsoft.
In this view, Facebook often compared to MySpace and Friendster. But the main difference between them is that MySpace and Friendster allow users to decorate their profile appearance with HTML and CSS features, while Facebook only allows plain text feature so that all the user profile view looks uniform.
Features
Facebook has a number of features interaction among users that include feature 'Wall / Wall', a space where fellow users send messages open, 'Poke / Flick', a means to peck each other virtually, 'Photos / Pictures' space to install photograph, and the 'Status' which displays the condition / current idea user. From July 2007, Facebook allows users to send a variety of attachments (link, application, etc.) directly to Wall / Wall, where previously only the text are allowed.
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| Initial display facebook |
Over time, Facebook added some new features to its website. In September 2006, Facebook announced the launch of News Feed / News Feed that contains a series of glimpses of information each user. At first, this feature is open and can be seen by anyone. But after receiving complaints from some users, Facebook changed the setting of this feature so that users can now set which can be displayed in the News Feed / News Feed circuit and which are not.
Feature Notes / Notes added on August 22, 2006. In this feature the user can import his writings on other blogs (Xanga, LiveJournal, Blogger, etc.) to be shown on Facebook. April 7, 2008, Facebook launched one of the favorite features of the 'Chat / Chat', where users can send each other private messages directly and in real time.
Features (Gifts / Gift) begins on February 8, 2007. This feature is a feature to send each other gifts. 'Gift' can be purchased for $ 1 and add a personal message. Dated May 14, 2007, Facebook introduced the 'Marketplace' which allows users to advertise for free. Features free advertising is made to compete with similar features introduced by Craiglist.
July 2008, Facebook smoothing look of the site so that each category (wall, info, photos, etc.) have separate tabs. Began in March 2009, Facebook spruce up the look "Home / Home".
Platform
On May 24, 2007, Facebook promoting Facebook Platform. It is a means for software developers to create applications that can be used on Facebook. The move was immediately welcomed by the developers of the software so until March 25, 2009, there were 52,000 applications to number as many as 660,000 party developers.
Negative developmentsIn December 2008, the High Court of Australia decided to use Facebook user data as a basis for determining a court judgment.
University of New Mexico in October 2005 blocked access to Facebook in the network is not a pretext Facebook site supporting campus sites. Provincial Government of Ontario, Canada also blocked access to Facebook on the grounds that similar.
Some countries is still banned Facebook access to its citizens. The Syrian government has banned access to Facebook on the grounds of this site will be used by Israel to expand its influence. The Iranian government also blocked Facebook for fear of media will be used to mobilize opposition network.
On February 5, 2008, a Moroccan citizen, Fouad Mourtada, was arrested by local police for making a fake profile in the name of Prince Moulay Rachid who is a member of the Moroccan royal family.
A number of users who want to get out of the Facebook network complain of difficulty in removing the profile. This happens because before Facebook only allows users to simply deactivated only while the personal data remains stored in the Facebook server. This policy has been criticized by users who want to completely wipe all its data. Respond, the Facebook then changed the policy on February 29, 2008 so since then users who want to quit can request their personal data to be removed completely from the Facebook network.
In 2004, ConnectU, a site similar to Facebook, making a lawsuit against Zuckerberg for allegedly plagiarizing creative ideas and source code. The founders of ConnectU (Divya Narendra, Cameron Winklevoss and Tyler Winklevoss) which is Zuckerberg's classmate at Harvard assume that the basic concept of Facebook was their idea and the only person who hired Zuckerberg to design it.
A Canadian citizen, Adam Guerbuez, never used the Facebook site to advertise penis enlargement product and use of marijuana. Guerbuez Facebook party then sued in local court and won the lawsuit.
On July 24, 2008, Grant Raphael, a British citizen was dragged to court on charges of making fake profiles blasphemous contents former business partner, Matthew Firsht, as a homosexual.
Famous Italian footballer Alessandro Del Piero sued Facebook on February 9, 2009 due to her fake profile that includes contains various links to Nazi propaganda sites. Del Piero then stated that he was not a Nazi supporter and did not ever have any account on Facebook.
Current Conditions
Apart from the various controversies over no denying that Facebook fever is endemic throughout the world. So it depends on your own now use Facebook for what purpose taking into account the risks that accompany it.
Whatever it is, now, according to comScore Facebook is the leading social networking site in the world beat MySpace and according to Alexa global ranking is ranked fifth, second only to Google, Yahoo, Youtube and Live. While the awards ever received was "Top 100 Classic Websites" of 2007 from PC Magazine and the "People's Voice Award" from the Webby Awards in 2008.
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| Figure creator facebook |
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