Derived - Initially, Mecca was an empty expanse. Sand as far as the eye could see struggling in the heat oppressive. Flow zamzamlah who first changed the arid region into a small community where the start of the new civilization of the Islamic world. Square building called the Kaaba was asked to be the center of the city was once the center of worship of all Muslims. Visit is one of the pillars of Islam, Hajj. Ka'ba is still standing strong today and is expected to continue to stand up before the end of the world. Several generations of the founding of the Kaaba had been a witness to various crisis enveloped him. Was Ishmael, son of Abraham and Hagar, whose tiny feet first touched the spring of Zamzam. As a result of the discovery of the eternal spring, Siti Hajar and Ismail who was then abandoned by Abraham into Canaan in the middle of the desert, the sudden arrival of many a traveler. Some decided to stay, some move again. Ibrahim came and then get a revelation to set up the Kaaba in a small town. Kaaba itself means the place with the highest respect and prestige.
Ibrahim founded the Ka'ba is located exactly where the old Kaaba established Adam crushed by flash flood in the days of Noah. Prophet Adam was the first to establish the Kaaba. Noted, 1500 BC is the first year the Kaaba was re-established. Both the obedient son, Ishmael, Abraham built the Kaaba of rock hill Hira, Qubays, and other places. Building them higher from day to day, and then finished with a 30-31 feet long, 20 feet wide. Start building without a roof, just four square walls with two doors. Slit on one side of the building is filled by a large black stone known as the Black Stone. This stone is tucked in the hills Qubays when floods hit the time of Noah. This stone is special, because it is given by the Angel Gabriel. Until now, millions of Muslims the world kiss this stone when on pilgrimage, a lelaku exemplified by the Prophet Muhammad. Was completed, Allah commanded Abraham to summon people make a pilgrimage to the Kaaba which was asked as the House of God. From this, the beginning of the pilgrimage, a grand worship of Muslims around the world. Since there is a low-roofed and walled, about two meters, valuables in it frequently stolen. Nation in control of the Quraysh of Mecca thousands of years after the death of Ibrahim took the initiative to renovate it. To do this, first initial building must be demolished.
Al-Walid bin Al-Al-Makhzumy Mughirah was the first person to knock down the Kaaba to build a new building. At the time of the Prophet Muhammad, the renovation was also done after the floods hit. Disputes arose among the families of the Quraysh who deserve to enter the Black Stone in the Kaaba in place. Messenger played a major role in this regard. In a famous story, the Prophet asked the four tribes to lift the Black Stone in conjunction with using a piece of cloth. This idea has managed to avoid discord and bloodshed among the Arabs. Biggest renovation was carried out in 692. Before the renovation, the Kaaba is located in a narrow open space in the middle of a mosque that is now known as the Grand Mosque.
In the late 700s, wooden poles replaced with marble mosques and mosque wings expanded, coupled with several towers. Renovation is necessary, following the development of Islam and the increasing number of pilgrims from all over the Arab world and beyond. The face of modern Haram started as a renovation in 1570 on the leadership of Sultan Selim. Year architecture is then maintained by the kingdom of Saudi Arabia to the present. On the unification of Saudi Arabia in 1932, the country was asked to become Patron Holy Places and King Abdul Aziz was the first king who bears the title of Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques, the Grand Mosque and the Prophet's Mosque. On administration, expanded the Grand Mosque can accommodate up to 48,000 worshipers capacity, while the Prophet's Mosque expanded to accommodate 17,000 worshipers. In the reign of King Fahd in 1982, capacity expanded the Grand Mosque to load one million pilgrims. The third renovation was completed in 2005 with the addition of a tower. At the third renovation, marble column set 500, 18 additional gates are also made. In addition, many modern devices, such as air conditioning, escalators and a drainage system was also added. Currently, during the leadership of King Abdullah bin Abdul-Aziz, the fourth renovations underway by 2020. The plan, the Grand Mosque will be expanded up to 35 percent, with a capacity of 800,000 outside the mosque can accommodate up to 1.12 million pilgrims. If completed, will be part of the Grand Mosque can accommodate up to two million worshipers.
Flood Kaaba Frequent natural disasters that may occur in the Mecca region was flooded. Greatest course during the flood of Noah. At that time the entire Kaaba building collapsed. Flooding also occurred several times in the time of Prophet Muhammad. After his death, at the time of Caliph Umar ibn Khattab, floods damaging the walls of the Kaaba. One of which was documented flooding was severe flooding in 1941. In a widely publicized picture, visible part of the Grand Mosque flooded up to almost half the height of the Kaaba. In some places even reaches the neck of adults. Floods is then made several mosques pole made of wood becomes rotted and brittle. The Saudi monarch was forced to make improvements several times to resolve this matter. Flooding often occurs in Mecca because of the geographical location of the city is flanked by several hills. It makes Mecca is located in the lowlands of the bowl. Rain water can not be easily absorbed by the ground, given the Middle East that a barren land. As a result of the floods could last for some time. Plus, when the drainage system is not as good as now. In addition to flooding, many recorded incidents of bloodshed had colored the history of the Grand Mosque. Starting from the era before Prophet Muhammad was born in the modern era to the 20th century. Some of these incidents ended with the victory of the ruling Kaaba. Elephants attack Attack on the Kaaba of the most famous occurred in the year 571 AD, the year of birth of the Prophet Muhammad. At that time, as many as 60,000 troops of elephants led by the Governor of Yemen, Abraha, planning to invade and destroy the Kaaba of Mecca. Yemen is one of the countries major Christian country at that time. A beautiful big church was founded in the reign of King Yemen, Habshah. The church was named Qullais.
Abraha as a church builder vows to turn Arabs worship of the Kaaba in Mecca to the church in Yemen. Once, hearing this, an Arab from the Banu qabilah Faqim bin Addiy offended then go inside the church and defecated in it. Abraha extraordinarily angry and vowed to tear down the Kaaba. He went along with the strongest army, riding 60,000 elephants. None of the tribal forces of Saudi Arabia that can match the power of tens of thousands of soldiers of the elephant. Under the command of Muhammad's grandfather, Abdul Muttalib, the Mecca residents fled to the hilltops around the Kaaba. Abraha's army entourage went to the Ka'bah, to destroy the noble buildings. According to the story, the pace of the elephant army halted due to an attack of thousands of birds Ababil. These birds take three grains of hot stones in both legs and beak. Release of the stones on the army of elephants. Stones are said to have originated from the hell of it penetrates the flesh of the soldiers and their elephants.
A commentary said the birds were brought smallpox which caused the army of Abraha died from ulcers that are very hot. This is why, the invading army of Abraha to Mecca is called as the Year of the Elephant. This story is also evident in a letter written in the holy book Al Fill the Koran. "He sent them flocking birds, which pelted them with stones of baked clay, then He made them like eaten leaves (caterpillars)." (Al Fill: 3-4). Clash with Iran In modern times, the most frequent incident is Saudi Arabia's security forces clashed with demonstrators from Iran. The presence of the protesters is an order from the government of Iran that the Iranian pilgrims protest against the Saudi kingdom. The worst riots happened on July 31, 1987 that killed 401 people. Among these are 275 Iranians, 85 citizens of Saudi Arabia, and 42 other pilgrims national origin. A total of 643 people were injured, mostly Iranian pilgrims. The rivalry between Saudi Arabia and Iran have lasted a relatively long time. Started when Muhammad bin Abdul Wahhab, famous Salaf Saudi Arabia, ordered the destruction of a tomb cult Muslims in Hejaz, including the tomb of Shiite cleric al-Baqi, in 1925. This action does not doubt angered the government and people of Iran are majority Shiite. Crisis began, calling for the overthrow of the Iranian government in Saudi Arabia and banned all Iranians go on the pilgrimage in 1927.
Tensions worsened after in 1943, the government of Saudi Arabia beheaded an Iranian pilgrims have brought human feces on his clothes into the Grand Mosque in Mecca. Iran protests and bans its citizens from the hajj until 1948. Since then, demonstrations continued Iranian pilgrims in Mecca. This is thanks to an appeal in 1971 Ayatollah Khomeini ordered all Iranian pilgrims for Haj while conveying their political views against the government of Saudi Arabia. Iranian worshipers called this demonstration as "Keeping distance with the idolators." In 1982, the situation had been somewhat quiet. Khomeini ordered the people to maintain order and peace, not spreading propaganda pamphlets, and not to criticize the government of Saudi Arabia. In return, the kingdom of Saudi Arabia to free Iranian pilgrims for haj again.
Previously, Saudi limiting the number of Iranian pilgrims to avoid conflict. Back strain occurred on Friday, July 31, 1987. Iranian pilgrims undertake a protest march against the enemies of Islam, namely Israel and the United States, in the city of Mecca. When he reached the front of the Grand Mosque, they were blocked by the security forces of Saudi Arabia, but they are still forced entry. Bloody clashes ensued which resulted in a chaotic situation with some people were trampled by the panicked masses. There are several versions triggers the death of hundreds of people on this incident. The Iranian government said Saudi security forces opened fire on peaceful demonstrators, while Saudi Arabia said that the death toll from squashed and trampled by the panicked worshipers. As a result of this, re-strained relations between the two countries and the government of Saudi Arabia re-impose restrictions on Iranian pilgrims. Other bleeding events occurred on 20 November 1979. At that time hundreds of armed men seized control of the Grand Mosque and tens of thousands of pilgrims in it. Hostage Juhaimin led by Saif Ibn Muhammad Ibn al-Otaibi who said brother-in-law, Muhammad bin Abd Allah al-Qahtani, was a savior Imam Mahdi or the end of time.
Otaibi was reported as 400-500 militants, including women and children, issued a weapon that they hide behind clothes and chained the gates of the Grand Mosque. They ordered the congregation to submit to the false Mahdi, Al-Qahtani. Standoff lasted for two weeks, before the militants finally eradicated by the combined armed forces of Saudi Arabia with the several states. Saudi Arabian forces had repulsed the militants because of terrible weapons. All citizens of Mecca were evacuated to several areas. Royal troops ready for the onslaught of deadly. However, they must ask permission from the great scholars of Saudi Arabia, Sheikh Abdul Aziz bin Baz, who have banned any kind of violence in the Holy Mosque. Finally he issued a fatwa deadly attack to take over the Kaaba. Reported 255 congregations Otaibi militant pilgrimage and was killed in the attack, as many as 560 people were injured. Of the Saudi Arabian troops, as many as 127 were killed and 451 wounded. Various different story recounts moments of the attack by the combined armies of Saudi Arabia, Pakistan and France. One report said army Haram flooded with water and flowing with electricity, shocking the militants. Other reports said the soldiers used poison gas. French troops were called because of Saudi Arabia's army helpless. The French army is rumored to be Muslim first before entering the Haram. This step because they did Haram may only be entered by Muslims.
