Upon the recommendation of Johan Van Oldenbarneveld formed a company called Vereemigde Oost Indische Compagnie (VOC) on March 20, 1682. Another goal is the establishment of VOC not preclude competition among Dutch entrepreneurs (internal) and be able to compete with other nations, especially Spanish and Portuguese as enemies (external).
VOC leadership held by the board consists of 17 members based in Amsterdam. By the Dutch Government, given VOC Exclusive Right (privileges) as follows:
- Considered as representative of the Dutch government in Asia
- Trade monopoly
- Print its own money to circulate dang
- Covenant
- Conquering war with other countries
- Exercise the power of judicial
- Tax collection
- Has its own army
- Conduct self-government.
Indonesia to implement its power in the office of Governor General of VOC diangkatlan among others:
- Pieter Both, is the first Governor General of VOC rule in 1610-1619 in Ambon.
- Pieterzoon Coen, is the second Governor-General of the moving center of VOC Ambon to Jayakarta (Batavia). Due to the strategic location in the middle of the archipelago makes it easy cruise to the Netherlands.
Once centered in Batavia, VOC expanded the power of the approach as well as the intervention of the kingdoms in Indonesia, among others, Mataram, Banten, Banjar, Sumatra, Gowa (Makassar) and Maluku. As a result of its monopoly rights. VOC impose his will, giving rise to hostility with kingdoms in the archipelago. Indonesian nation to face resistance VOC increase its military strength and build forts such as in Ambon, Makassar, Jayakarta and others.
How do I acquire Dutch trade monopoly in Indonesia? VOC is how its done:
- Doing cruise hongi to combat smuggling. Actions taken VOCs are seizing every ship rempahrempah people who sell directly to foreign traders such as Britain, France and Denmark. It is often found in the free port of Makassar.
- Doing extirpation is logging plant, belongs to the people. The goal is to keep the price mepertahankan spice degenerate if excessive harvest (over-production). Remember the laws of economics!
- Agreement with the local kings were defeated mainly crops must submit the required VOC VOC with a set price. Submission shall be called Verplichte Leverantien
- People are obliged to hand over the earth as a result of the tax, which is referred to as Contingenten
Along with changes in demand and needs in Europe from rempahrempah to industrial plants are coffee, sugar and tea in the 18th century VOC then turned his attention to grow into the three types of commodity goods. Eg cane in Muara Angke (around Batavia), coffee and tea Priangan area.
- In carrying out the many uses of government power VOC Regents. While the Chinese are believed to tax collection by renting the village for several years.
- How the development of VOC next? In the mid 18th century VOC mengalamii setback for some reason so dissolved.
- Many VOC employees are cheating and corruption
- Many instances to the expenses of the war against the war Hasanuddin of Gowa.
- Amount of salary to be paid because of extensive power requires a lot of employees
- Devident payments (profits) to shareholders after revenue VOC also aggravating shortages
- Increasing competition in the Asian trade, especially Britain and France.
- Political changes in the Netherlands in 1795 with the founding of the Republic Bataaf democratic and liberal advocate of free trade.
Based on the above reasons VOC dissolved on December 31, 1799 to 136.7 million guilders and debts left behind a wealth of commercial offices, warehouses, forts, ships and power regions in Indonesia.
VOC dissolved by reason of:
- Financial difficulties due to corruption, many costs to hire employees, pay dividends and facing war in various regions
- Foreign trade company faces competition
- Bataaf Republican establishment who wanted free trade is not the monopoly
