Cooper and his team faced the challenge of how to include all electronic material into such a small device for the first time. Finally a first mobile phone was successfully completed with a total weight of weighing two kilograms. To make, manufacturer Motorola will cost about U.S. $ 1 million. "In 1983, the portable cellular phone worth U.S. $ 4 thousand (Rp36 million) equivalent to U.S. $ 10 thousand (Rp90 million).
After successfully producing mobile phones, the next biggest challenge is adapting infrastructure to support the mobile phone communication system by creating a network system that only requires 3 MHz spectrum, the equivalent of five TV channels are channeled to the whole world.
Other figures are known to be very instrumental in the mobile communications world is Amos Joel Jr. who was born in Philadelphia, March 12, 1918, he was recognized worldwide as an expert in the field of switching. He received a bachelor's degree (1940) and master's (1942) in electronic engineering from MIT. Not long after studies, he began his career over 43 years (from July 1940-March 1983) at the Bell Telephone Laboratories, where he received more than 70 U.S. patents in the field of telecommunications, particularly in the field of switching. Amos E Joel Jr., making the system connector (switching) from one area of ??the cell phone to another cell area. Switching it should work when mobile users move or move from one cell to another cell so that the conversation is not interrupted. Because Joel Amos invention is the use of mobile phones to be comfortable.
Development
Early generation
History of the discovery of a cell phone can not be separated from the development of radio. Early discovery of cell phones began in 1921 when the Detroit Michigan Police Department tried to use the phone one-way car. Then, in 1928 the Detroit Police Department began using a one-way radio communication on all patrol cars with the frequency of 2MHz.
In further developments, radio evolved into a two-way communication with'''' frequency modulated (FM).
In 1940, Galvin Manufactory Corporation (now Motorola) to develop portable handie-talkie SCR536, which means a communication tool on the battlefield during World War II. This period is a generation 0 cell phone or 0-G, where mobile phones were introduced.
After removing the SCR536, then in 1943 Galvin Manufactory Corporation issued a two-way radio FM partable first named SCR300 backpack model for the U.S. army's equipment weighs about 35 pounds and be able to work effectively within the operating range of 10 to 20 miles.
System 0-G mobile phones still use a VHF radio system to connect the phone directly on PSTNlandline. The weakness of this system is the problem of congestion on the network which then led to efforts to change the system.
Generation 0 ended with the discovery of the modern concept by engineers from Bell Labs in 1947. They find the concept of using hexagonal phone as a basic cell phone. However, this new concept was developed in the 1960s.
Generation 1
The first generation of mobile phones also called 1G. 1-G is the first true mobile phone. In 1973, Martin Cooper of Motorola Corp. found a cell phone first and introduced to the public on April 3, 1973. Cell phone were found by Cooper weighs 30 ounces or about 800 grams. This invention has changed the world forever. Technology used 1-G is still analog and known as AMPS. AMPS uses frequencies between 825 MHz-894 MHz and operated on Band800 Mhz. Because it is analog, then the system is still used regionally. One drawback is the generation of 1-G because the size is too large to be held by the hand. This is because the large size of the purposes of power and poor battery performance. In addition to the generation of 1-G still has problems with mobility users. When placing a call, the user mobility is limited to the range of mobile phone area.
Generation 2
Second generation or 2-G appeared in about 1990. 2G in America already uses CDMA technology, while in Europe uses GSM technology. Using standard GSM frequencies 900 MHz and 1800 MHz frequencies. With these frequencies, GSM has a capacity greater customer. On the 2G generation analog signal has been replaced with a digital signal. The use of digital signal equip cell phones with voice mail, call waiting, and SMS.
Mobile phones in this generation also has a smaller size and lighter due to the use of digital chip technology. The smaller size is also due to the need for a smaller battery power. Advantage of next-generation 2G is the size and weight of the smaller and lower radio signals, thus reducing the harmful effects of radiation users.
Generation 3
This generation is also called 3G network which allows operators to give their users a wider range, including the Internet as well as high-tech video call. In there are 3 standard for 3G telecom world ie Enhance datarates for GSM Evolution (EDGE), Wideband-CDMA and CDMA 2000. The downside of this is the 3G generation of relatively higher costs and lack of coverage of the network because this technology is still new. But the interesting thing in this generation is starting the inclusion of the operating system on mobile phones features so as to make more complete PC functionality even close. The operating system used, among others, Symbian, Android and Windows Mobile
Generation 4
This generation is also called Fourth Generation (4G). 4G is a phone system that offers a new approach and infrastructure solutions that integrate wireless technologies that already exist, including wireless broadband (WiBro), 802.16e, CDMA, wireless LAN, Bluetooth, and others. 4G systems based on the heterogeneity of IP networks that allow users to use multiple systems anytime and anywhere. 4G also gives its users high speed, high volume, good quality, global reach, and flexibility to explore a variety of different technologies. Finally, 4G provides fast data delivery services to accommodate a variety of applications such as multimedia, video conferencing, online gaming, and others.
