Derived - Israel is the only Jewish country in the world with a population of approximately 7.28 million Jews jiwa.Selain, there are also several ethnic minority groups such as ethnic Arab citizen of Israel. In Israel there are also several other religions like Muslims, Christians, Druze, Samaritans, and others.
Early History of Israel
The Story & History of Israel & PalestinaMenurut the Torah, the Land of Israel was promised to the three Patriarchs of the Jewish God as the Jewish homeland. Around the 11th century BC, a kingdom and the state of Israel was established around the Land of Israel.
Between periods kingdoms of Israel and the Muslim conquest of the 7th century, the Land of Israel fell under the Assyrian, Babylonian, Persian, Greek, Roman, Sassanian, and Byzantine.
The existence of the Jews in the region was reduced drastically after the failure of the Bar Kokhba against the Roman Empire in 132, led to large-scale expulsion of Jews.
In 628/9, the Byzantine Emperor Heraclius ordered the massacre and expulsion of the Jews, resulting in the Jewish population declined even further.
Israel captured the land from the Byzantine Empire around the year 636 by the Muslim conquerors. For more than six centuries, control of the region under the control of the Umayyads, Abbasids, and Crusaders before falling under Kesulatanan Mamelukes in 1260.
In 1516, the Land of Israel became part of the Ottoman Empire, which ruled the region until the 20th century.
Zionism and the British Mandate
Large-scale expulsion of Jews or so-called Jewish Diaspora, Jewish causes spread to many countries. At the beginning of the 12th century, Catholic persecution of Jews by encouraging the migration of European Jews back to the Holy Land. And the increasing number of population displacement Jews after the expulsion of the Jews from Spain in 1492.
During the 16th century, Jewish communities large mostly centered on four Jewish Holy City of Jerusalem, Hebron, Tiberias, and Safed.
In the second half of the 18th century, the whole community Hasidut coming from Eastern Europe have moved to the Holy Land.
Immigration on a large scale, otherwise known as the First Aliyah , starting in 1881, which is when the Jews fled pogroms in Eastern Europe.
In 1896, Theodor Herzl published Der Judenstaat (The Jewish State), and describes his vision of the future of the Jewish state, then the next year he chaired the first World Zionist Congress.
Second Aliyah (1904-1914) began after the Chisinau pogrom. Approximately 40,000 Jews then moved to Palestine.
During World War I, British Foreign Secretary Arthur Balfour issued a statement known as the Balfour Declaration, the declaration which supported the establishment of a Jewish state in Palestine.
At the request of Edwin Samuel Montagu and Lord Curzon, also inserted the statement "Clearly it being understood that nothing shall be done roomates may prejudice the civil and religious rights of existing non-Jewish communities in Palestine, or the rights and political status enjoyed by Jews in any other country ".
Jewish Legion, a battalion consists of Zionist volunteers, then helped Britain conquered Palestine. Arab opposition to the plan led to the 1920 Palestine riots and the formation of the Jewish organization known as the Haganah (Hebrew: Defense).
In 1922, the League of Nations mandate over Palestine entrusted to the United Kingdom. The county's population at the time was predominantly Arab Muslims, whereas in urban areas such as Jerusalem, the predominantly Jewish.
Third Aliyah (1919-1923) and Fourth Aliyah (1924-1929), as a whole brought 100,000 Jews to Palestine. After the Jaffa riots, Britain restricting Jewish immigration, and the area designated as the Jewish state was allocated in Transjordan.
Nazi movement in the 1930s led to the fifth Aliyah (1929-1939) with masukknya a quarter million Jews to Palestine. Jewish influx has led to massive Arab Revolt in Palestine 1936-1939, forcing Britain to limit immigration by issuing a White Paper 1939.
In reaction to the refusal of the countries in the world that refuses to accept Jewish refugees fleeing the Holocaust, formed an underground movement known as Aliyah Bet that aims to bring Jews to Palestine.
At the end of World War II, the Jewish population has reached 33% of the Palestinian population, increased dramatically from previously 11% in 1922.
Israel's independence
The Story & History of Israel & PalestinaSetelah, 1945, Great Britain became involved in a violent conflict with the Jews. In 1947, the British government withdrew from the Mandate of Palestine, stating that Britain can not reach a solution acceptable to both Arabs and Jews.
UN agency recently established then approve UN Partition Plan (UN General Assembly Resolution 18) on 29 November 1947. The partition plan dividing Palestine into two states, one Arab country, and the Jewish state. Jerusalem is intended as an international city - a corpus separatum - which is administered by the UN to avoid conflict status of the city.
The Jewish community accepted the plan, but the Arab League and Arab Higher Committee rejected it on the grounds of the Jews got 55% of the entire land area although only a 30% of the entire population in this area. On December 1, 1947, the Arab Higher Committee declared a strike for 3 days, and Arab groups began attacking Jewish targets.
The civil war began when Jews were first defensive slowly being offensive. Arab-Palestinian economy collapsed and 250,000 Palestinian-Arabs fled or were expelled.
On May 14, 1948, a day before the end of the British Mandate, the Jewish Agency proclaimed independence and established the state named as "Israel". A day later, a combination of five Arab countries - Egypt, Syria, Jordan, Lebanon and Iraq-attacked Israel, causing Arab-Israeli War of 1948. Morocco, Sudan, Yemen and Saudi Arabia also sent troops to help.
After a year of fighting, a ceasefire was declared and temporary borders, known as the Green Line is determined. Jordan then annexed the area known as the West Bank and East Jerusalem, while Egypt controls the Gaza Strip. Israel later accepted as a member of the United Nations on May 11, 1949. During the conflict, approximately 711,000 Palestinian Arabs (80% of the Arab population) fled Palestine.
In the early days kemerdekannya, Labor Zionist movement led by Prime Minister David Ben-Gurion dominated Israeli politics. These years marked by the mass immigration of Holocaust survivors and Jews were expelled from Arab lands.
Population of Israel rose from 800,000 to 2,000,000 in the ten year period between 1948 and 1958. Most of the refugees were placed in camps known as ma'abarot. To 1952, 200,000 immigrants living in mobile held this tent city.
During the 1950s, Israel repeatedly attacked by Palestinian militants who mostly came from the Gaza Strip was occupied by Egypt.
In 1956, Israel joined into an alliance with rahasiaBritania Kingdom and France, which aims to recapture the Suez Canal that had been nationalized by Egypt. Although captured the Sinai Peninsula, Israel was forced to resign under pressure from the United States and the Soviet Union in exchange for security of Israeli shipping in the Red Sea and the Suez Canal.
The Story & History & PalestinaPada 1967 Israel, Egypt, Syria, and Jordan closed its borders with Israel and expelled UN peacekeepers out of the region and Israel blockaded access to the Red Sea.
Israel then launched an attack on the Egyptian air force bases for fear of invasion by Egypt. This then led to the Six Day War which was won by Israel. On this war, Israel captured the West Bank, Gaza Strip, Sinai Peninsula and the Golan Heights.
Green Line became the administrative boundary marker between the territory of Israel by the Israeli occupation region. Jerusalem's boundaries expanded to include East Jerusalem. A law authorizing income is then assigned territory. This led the UN Security Council Resolution 478 which states that this determination is illegal and violate international law.
The Story & History PalestinaKegagalan Israel and the Arab states in the 1967 war led to the growth of the independence movement then Palestine by the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO).
In the late 1960s and early 1970s, Palestinian military groups launched a wave of attacks against various citizens of Israel around the world, including the murder of Israeli athletes at the Munich Olympics in 1972. Israel responded by launching Operation action Wrath of God (Wrath of God). At this operation, the people responsible for the Munich event was tracked and killed.
On the day of Yom Kippur October 6, 1973 which is the Jewish holy day, Egyptian and Syrian forces launched a surprise attack against Israel. The war ended on October 26 with Israel successfully hit back Egyptian and Syrian forces. However this war is regarded as a defeat of Israel.
The 1977 Knesset elections marked a turning point in Israeli political history. At this election, which is derived from Menachem Begin's Likud party took control from the Labour Party government of Israel. Also in that year, Egyptian President Anwar El Sadat made a visit to Israel and give a speech in front of the Knesset. This action was seen as the first recognition of Israel's sovereignty by the Arab countries.
Two years later, Sadat and Menachem Begin signed the Camp David Accords and the Israel-Egypt Peace Treaty. Israel withdrew from the Sinai Peninsula and agreed to negotiate Palestinian autonomy discuss beyond the Green Line. However, the plan was never implemented.
Begin government support Israelis to settle in the West Bank, leading to conflict with the Palestinians in that area.
On 7 June 1981, Israel bombed the Osirak nuclear reactor owned bardir Iraq in Operation Opera. Israeli intelligence agency, Mossad, suspected nuclear reactor will be used Iraq to develop nuclear weapons.
In 1982, Israel intervened in the Lebanese Civil War to destroy the bases of the Palestine Liberation Organization attacks on northern Israel. Intervention is then developed into the First Lebanon War. Israel withdrew its troops from Lebanon in 1986. The First Intifada was a Palestinian uprising against Israeli rule occurred in 1987, causing the occurrence of violence in the Israeli occupied territories.
During the 1991 Gulf War, the PLO and many Palestinians supported Saddam Hussein and the Iraqi missile attack on Israel.
In 1992, Yitzhak Rabin became Prime Minister of Israel after Israeli legislative elections memangkan 1992. Yitzhak Rabin and his party to support any compromise with Israel's neighbors.
In 1993, Shimon Peres and Mahmoud Abbas, on behalf of Israel and the PLO, signed the Oslo Accords. This approval gives the Palestinian National Authority the right to govern the West Bank and the Gaza Strip. In addition, recognition is also expressed Israel's right to stand up and call for the end of terrorism.
In 1994, the Israel-Jordan Treaty of Peace was signed, making Jordan became the second Arab country to normalize relations with Israel.
Arab public support for the approval of decline after the massacre of Muslims who were praying in the Ibrahimi Mosque by a group of extremist Kach movement. In addition, Israeli settlements in the occupied territories which still continues, and declining economic conditions also reduce the Palestinian Arab public support.
Israeli public support for the agreement also reduced after a series of suicide bombing carried out by Hamas. Yitzhak Rabin's assassination by Jewish extremists as he was leaving a rally in favor of peace with the Palestinians shocked the whole country.
At the end of the 1990s, Israel, led by Benjamin Netanyahu, withdrew from Hebron, and signed the Wye River Memorandum. The memorandum gave the Palestinian National Authority greater control.
