Derived - Before the laptop was technically introduced, the idea of ? a computer that easily moved by Alan Kay noted. This can be seen in the Dynabook concept developed by Xerox PARC (Palo Alto Research Center) in the early 1970s. This concept is the development of the Alto prototype which was also done by Xerox PARC.
The first portable computer that is commercially marketed Osborne 1, which was developed in 1981. This computer was the first computer that can be taken anywhere even when using it we have to connect it to the power house. With a thin CRT screen size of 5 "and weighs 23.5 pounds (12 kg), the computer uses the CP / M operating system and is equipped with a 4 MHz Z80 CPU, main memory 65 kilobytes, and floppy disk drives.
In 1983 the first product from Compaq which was also quite successful, the Compaq Portable. This product is an IBM clone computers, because at that time IBM is a standard program for all computers. This computer is more portable than the Osborne 1 because it is lighter. The same operating system used by the Osborne 1, the CP / M OS. Moreover computers also run MS-DOS programs.
Other computers that also released this year is the Epson HX-20. This product actually was developed in 1981, but its release was only implemented in 1983. Computers that fall into this category of handheld computer using a full keyboard with 68 keys, nickel cadmium battery (NiCd) rechargeable ones, dot-matrix LCD display with a resolution of 120 x 32 pixels. The screen is capable of displaying 4 lines with each line containing 20 characters. There are also BASIC and MS-16 kibibyte RAM that can be enlarged to 32 kibibyte.
The existence of the laptop that can be debated starting with the GRiD Compass 1101 launch in April 1982. This computer designed by Bill Moggridge of British Industrial in 1979. Materials used to make it is a mixture of magnesium by taking seashells models (Clamshell). With this model can be closed with a computer screen is at the top position and dealing with the keyboard.
This laptop uses an Intel 8086, electroluminescent display (CGA) with a resolution of 320 x 200 pixels, and 384 kilobytes of bubble memory. It also uses a modem with a speed of 1200 bits per second. Hardrive and floppy disks associated with the use of 488 I / O (known as GPIB = General Purpose Bus Instrumental). The operating system used is GRID-OS.
Computer issued by GRID Systems Corp.. This, during the 1980s is used by NASA and the U.S. military. In 1988 GRIDD System Corp.. taken over by the Tandy Corporation (RadioShack).
In 1983 the newly issued new computers sold around 1984, the Sharp PC-500 and the Gavilan SC. Gavilan was the first portable computer that uses the name 'laptop'. Both computers use the same model with GRID Compass, the shell models. In addition they also use the LCD screen and can be connected to the optional printer.
In 1983 also launched a computer capable of performing the most sales for the first time in the history of the laptop, the Kyocera Kyotronic 85. This laptop was quickly licensed by Tandy Corp.., Olivetti, and NEC. They saw this computer has great potential for success as well as the TRS-80 Model 100 (or Tandy 100), Olivetti M-10, NEC PC-8201.
This machine is operated using standard AA batteries. Tandy complete with BASIC program, a text editor, and a terminal program, which is provided by Microsoft and written directly by Bill Gates. In addition it also applied tiltable LCD screen with 8 x 40 characters and an internal modem.
In terms of ease of take, durability and long lasting battery, and the price is cheap, the computer is becoming a favorite among journalists. It weighed more than 2 kg, with dimensions of 30 x 21.5 x 4.5 cm (12 "x 8.5" x 1.75 "). Moreover this laptop uses 8 KiB of RAM that can be raised to 24 KiB, and a 3 MHz processor.
On May 3 April 1986 IBM launched the first laptop with a commercial purpose, the IBM PC Convertible. The laptop comes with a 3.5 "floppy disk drive which is a standard device. The processor used is an Intel 80c88, which is a CMOS version of the Intel 8088, which operates at 4.77 MHz. There are the 256 KiB of RAM which can be enlarged to 512 KiB. With LCD display and a weight of 13 pounds, this computer comes with a handle that makes it easier to carry. This laptop uses a battery as its power source.
Paa 1987 Toshiba launched two products at the same time, the T1000 and T1200. Although limited to just using the DOS operating system and stored in ROM, the two models from Toshiba has a shape that is very small and light so that it fits to carry in a backpack. It also uses lead-acid batteries.
In 1987 the U.S. Air Force offered him a contract to make laptops in large numbers, reaching 200,000 units. Competition for this contract occurs among a large laptop industry, such as IBM, Toshiba, Compaq, NEC, and Zenith Data Systems (ZDS).
ZDS who previously have won an agreement with the IRS with Z-171, was awarded the contract with its products, supersport. Supersport is equipped with an Intel 8086 processor, dual floppy disk drive, backlit, LCD display STN blue and white, and NiCd batteries. For the next processor used is an Intel 80286 with a 20 MB hard drive. This makes ZDS became the biggest supplier of laptop during the period 1987-1988.
To fulfill this contract, ZDS partnered with Tottori Sanyo doing to provide it. It was a collaboration for the first time between a famous brand OEM (Original Equipment Manufacture) from Asia. Furthermore many well-known computer manufacturers are working with OEMs from Asia, such as Compaq and Citizen. It also resulted in the growing OEM in Asia, such as Chicon, Acer, Quanta, Compal, Twinhead, Sanyo, Tottori Sanyo, Citizen, and Casio.
Launched in 1988 by the Cambridge Computer Z88 Cambridge. This computer was designed by Sir Clive Sinclair, the form of A4 paper. This computer uses power from the battery and comes standard with a basic spreadsheet, word processor, and communications programs. This laptop is a forerunner to the manufacture of PDA.
In 1989, two different companies, NEC and Apple Computer, launched laptop each, namely NEC Ultralit and Apple Machintosh Portable. Nec Ultralit launched in mid-1989. This laptop is probably the first notebook manufactured by NEC. This laptop has a weight of not less than 2 kg. On the computer in which there has been a hard drive and RAM of 2 mebibyte.
Machintosh Portable, launched by Apple Computer has a clear active matrix display and a battery that can last for a long time. Unfortunately, with these conditions, the relatively poor sales of the Mac Portable. This is due to the form of the Mac Portable is less attractive.
Series laptops of Apple Computer, Apple Power Books, was launched in 1991. This is the de facto standard laptop which continue to survive until now. This can be seen in the placement of the keyboard, the availability of the palm rest, and a trackball. Power Books series for the first time using the next screen with 256 colors (Power output 165c Books 1993), touchpad, and a 16-bit recorder. There are also Ethernet Network Adapter (Power Books 500 series output in 1994).
The spring of 1995 was a significant turning point in the history of notebook computers. In August 1995, Miocrosoft introduced Windows 95. This is the first time Microsoft have full control on the management operating system (operating system). Windows 95 is suitable for application on an Intel Pentium processor and in accordance with the existing ROM on notebooks.
